Social Science 3 Marks Each

Following steps should be taken to solve the traffic problems:
(1) Develop suburban townships near the large cities and they should be inter-connected by convenient public transport services.
(2) Separate tracks should be prepared for pedestrians and cyclists along with the roads.
(3) Encroachments on the roads should be removed.
(4) Vehicles going at a slower speed or the vehicles pulled by men or animals should be banned during peak hours.
(5) Information regarding the traffic rules should be conveyed to the citizens through education, advertisements and public awareness programmes.
(6) People going to their workplace or business at the same place during the same time should arrange for 'car pool' instead of going by individual separate vehicles.
(7) Digging and repairing works along the roads should be completed as early as possible.
(8) A tradition should be developed to take out the processions, marriage or religious processions during lean period (hours) instead of peak hours of vehicular traffic.
(9) At the time of traffic jam. keep your vehicle in proper lane only.
(10) Infrastructure like express highways, over bridges, flyovers, ring roads and bypass roads should be developed.
(11) Every person going for a job, should invariably use public transport system at least once a week.
(12) Use seat-belt and helmet.
(13) Provision of heavy penalty should be made for the drivers who are drunk, who do not have their driving licence, who drive recklessly and for those who violate traffic rules.

Safety measures against the viral diseases are as follows:
→Take anti-viral vaccination to avoid infection.
→ People should be made aware about the symptoms of the diseases, reasons, remedies for treatment, results, etc. through media like newspapers, periodicals, pamphlets, wallpapers, etc.
→ In smaller or larger hospitals, special wards should be maintained for the treatment of contagious diseases.
→ Take steps according to the instructions and guidance suggested by World Health Organization (WHO).

Tsunami' is a Japanese word meaning destructive waves'.
→ When an earthquake of an intensity of 7 or more occurs on the sea floor or due to a volcanic explosion in the ocean or by a large scale land slide, large, powerful and extraordinarily long waves take place on the surface of the ocean. These are called 'Tsunami'.
→ Mostly the tsunami originates due to an earthquake at the sea floor. That is why the tsunamis are also called as oceanic earthquake waves.
→ When an earthquake takes place in the ocean, its impact is less near the focus of the earthquake. But these waves become very destructive as they reach the coast. By the time these waves approach the coasts, their height sometimes is more than 30 metres.
→ Tsunami waves reach towards the coast in a sequence one after another. When these waves pass through the shallow sea, they turn more devastating.
→ Its velocity is reduce near the coast but the height increases. So these waves surge ahead in the form of a wall and cause severe devastation.
→India on 26th December, 2004 and Japan on 11th March, 2011 experienced very devastating disasters of tsunami.

Attempts to be safe from the floods:
→ Take shelter at a safe place taking all your valuable and personal things.
→ Keep with you clean water, dry breakfast, candle. lantern, matchsticks in a plastic box to keep them safe from humidity, etc.
→ Children should not be kept hungry.
→ Drink boiled water after the flood recedes.
→Keep radio and the mobile phone with you constantly.
→ Be careful of reptiles like snakes or other insects. They can be seen in dry places. A bamboo stick should be kept to push them away.

Following things should be kept in mind to prevent vehicular accidents:
(1) Do not violate the traffic rules. (2) Old vehicles should not be used.
(3) Transportation of goods should not be carried out except at night time and during early morning.
(4) Do not transport more goods or passengers than the pre-determined capacity and limitations of the vehicle.
(5) Do not deface or destroy the instruction boards, signs or symbols displayed on the road.
(6) Do not alter the design of the vehicle.
(7) The driver should not use cellphones while driving the vehicle.
(8) Do not drive a vehicle without putting on the seat belt.
(9) A commuter should not use a cellphone while crossing railway tracks.
(10) Do not enter into an argument with the persons who control the traffic regarding their instructions.
(11) Guardians should not allow their minor children to drive vehicles, which is prohibited by the Law.
(12) Do not join a mob and obstruct relief and safety work at the place of an accident due to your inquisitiveness.

Suggestions to escape the terrorist attacks are as follows:
→ Inform the Police about any doubtful action of any person.
→ Do not touch any unclaimed baggage left in public places like shopping malls, cinema houses, religious places, etc. Inform the security personnels of that place about these things.
→ Cooperate in the security checking and body frisking.
→ Register information about the tenants of your house to the Police Station as per the provisions in the Law.
→ Public places should be well equipped with CCTV cameras,
→ While travelling in a bus or a train, if any unclaimed luggage is seen, inform the responsible authorities immediately.
→ If your neighbour is single, does not mingle with local persons, is working on computer till late night, inform the Police about him immediately.
→ Inform the Police about the unclaimed vehicles.

Those people who opt for terrorising people through weapons for their political and religious motives and spread fear, terror, violence. insecurity or chaos among the people are called 'terrorists'. The atmosphere which they create is known as 'terrorism'.
The terrorists perform the following activities to spread terrorism:
→ To do suicidal attacks.
→ Use human bombs.
→ Throw bombs, rockets and plant mines.
→ Prepare a hit list.
→ Hide the destructive weapons and use them.
→ Hijack the planes.
→ Kidnap people and kill the kidnapped persons in very cruel way.
→ Form a mafia group, transact drugs and extort money.
→ Attack religious places.
→ Plant bombs in buses or trains, etc.

Modern alarm system should be installed in the factories to warn about the gas leakage.
→Decide high level security measures for the smooth running of the factory and these should be strictly observed.
→ If the gas leakage takes place during its transfer, the gas tanker should be immediately taken far away from human settlements.
→ In case of gas leakage, run against the wind direction.
→ If there is a breathing problem or if the eyes burn, do not treat them yourself but go to the nearest doctor immediately.
→ Fainted and weak persons should be shifted away from the gas affected area.
→ Inform Fire Brigade and the Police authorities.
→ Park your vehicles in such a way that they do not obstruct the rescue vehicles.

Bhopal Gas Tragedy occurred in Bhopal in the early hours of 3rd December, 1984, is the capital of Madhya Pradesh.
→ Union Carbide, the factory in Bhopal, was producing insecticides.
→ In the process of the production, a very poisonous gas called MIC was used. This gas was stored in large tanks.
→ In the early morning of 3 December, 1984, the MIC gas started leaking. It lasted for about 45 minutes. Within a fraction of second, the MIC gas spread in the dense area of Bhopal city and due to its fatal effects, about 2500 people died. Besides, the drinking water, reservoirs, soil, unborn babies, pregnant women, old people, etc. were victims. About 10,000 people became crippled permanently and 1.5 lakh people were handicapped partially.
→ Moreover, thousands of animals and birds also died.

Industrial townships (GIDC), mills, factories, etc. keep much vigilance, however accidents take place.
→ In industrial processes, operation and maintenance of small and big machines, transportation, storage and distribution of the things used in the production is done by men only. There is a possibility of occurrence of an accident at every stage.
→Due to industrial accidents, there could be a loss of life of employee of any category working in the industry.
→ Industrial accidents cause much damage to environment. The environment is polluted due to these accidents.

To see that fire does not occur in the forests -
→ Act according to the instructions given by the Forest Department in forest area.
→ Special patrolling arrangements should be made in the forests during autumn season.
→The employees of the Forest Department should be given special training to douse the forest fire.
→ The burning things or the stubs of bidi-cigarettes should not be thrown carelessly while moving in the forest area.
→ People living near the forest area should abide by the instructions given by the Forest Department.

The frightful and disastrous fire which takes place in the forest is known as 'Forest fire'.
Reasons for forest fire are as follows:
→ When there is lightning in the forest the fire is generated.
→ Forest fire takes places due to the live stubs of bidi-cigarettes thrown away by careless smokers and by the burning things left by the tourists and pilgrims or by cowherds in the forests.
→ During autumn season, the accumulated dry leaves and dry grass work as fuel for the fire.
→ Dry air and inflammable fuel is also a reason for the forest fire.
→ The forest fire spreads faster if the atmosphere is warmer, humidity is less and the days are windy.
→ In some trees in the forests. some oily matter oozes out. It is inflammable and so the fire spreads faster.

What to do during drought -
→ Increase the area under drip irrigation in agriculture.
→ Food rationing should be implemented so that all would get food grains.
→ Prepare an estimate about the available water and plan its usage.
→ Start the rescue work.
→ Create an arrangement of the distribution of food grains at fair price.
→ Stop all work except those which are essential, e.g., building activity should be stopped.
What not to do during drought -
→ Big feasts should not be organised to save the wastage of food and to stop unnecessary usage of the food.
→ Well-to-do and rich families should not hoard food grains or forage.

What to do at the time of tsunami -
→ As soon as the news or instructions of a tsunami is received, shift to a safe place away from the seacoast.
→ A radio should be kept with you so that the instructions issued by the Government can be implemented soon.
→ Mangrove vegetation reduces the impact of tsunami, so attempts should be made to increase their area.
What not to do at the time of a tsunami-
→ Do not take shelter in the tall buildings near the seashore because they may collapse due to the devastating tsunami waves.
→ After the tsunami recedes, do not go to the seacoast before the instructions are received from Government authorities.

These should not be done during an earthquake:
→ Do not get panicky during an earthquake. Do not shout or run.
→ Do not attempt to hold the things which are falling down.
→ Do not use elevator to come down from multi-storeyed buildings.
→ Do not stand near wooden cupboards, safes, near a mirror or under a glass chandelier.
→ Do not keep the electricity or gas connections switched on. Gas leakage can cause blasts.
→ Give a phone call to authorities only in the case of medical emergency or fire. Phone calls should not be made for other reasons because the rescue work is hampered when the telephone network is disturbed.
→ Do not get swayed away by false beliefs and rumours.

At the time of an earthquake -
→ If you are in a school, stay below large benches or a table.
→ If you are in an open space, then stay away from buildings, balconies, electric poles and electric connections.
→ If you are driving a vehicle, keep your vehicle away from bridges, electric poles or electric lines and the traffic signals.
→ Keep seated in your vehicle till the earthquake tremors stop.
→ Even after the earthquake tremors stop, stand away from the fridge. photos on the walls, ceiling fans, etc. because they may fall down afterwards.
→ Listen to the news bulletins of the local radio station for guidance.
→ Do not get panicky at the time of an earthquake. Reach a safe place outside your home.
→ Electricity, gas connections, etc. in the house should be disconnected.

At the time of a cyclone-
→ Don't run or shout when under distress.
→ Do not keep the boxes of plastic or thin metal sheet loose, because they can cause damage when they are driven away by the air.
→Do not pay any attention to talks or the rumours except for the warnings broadcast on radio by the Weather Department.
→ Do not go out of the house even if the atmosphere becomes clear suddenly, rain stops or the wind also stops, the wind or rain may strike suddenly.
→ Do not touch the electric poles or the loose electric wires. Keep away from them.
→ Do not stand near big hoardings of advertisements and under trees.

Following cautions should be taken at the time of a cyclone:
→ To know the exact time of the onset of the cyclone, keep listening to radio and television news bulletins.
→ Keep an extra battery for the radio with you.
→ Mobile phone and the power banks should be fully charged beforehand.
→ Listen to the instructions and warnings on radio broadcast and follow them strictly.
→ Never pay attention to rumours.
→ Food, dry breakfast, drinking water should be stored as per the requirements.
→ Keep provision for the food and necessary medicines for children and old people.
→ If the Rescue Team has told to vacate your home, carry out the instructions immediately and leave for a safer place.
→ Use pure and safe drinking water.
→ If you have taken a shelter in the shelter home created by the Government or any other NGO, then follow the instructions given by them strictly.
→ Release the animals from their posts.
→ Switch off the electric connections of the house. Keep away from the electric poles, large trees, buildings, etc.