Social Science 4 Marks Each

First of all, the people affected after the disaster are to be saved as fast as possible. After that, the rescue material has to be reached to them and lastly they are to be rehabilitated.
→ The requirement of rehabilitation differs according to the form of the disaster.
→ After the earthquake, flood or a cyclone, new buildings have to be constructed on large scale.
→ New relief works have to be started at the time of a drought. New employments have to be raised to provide economic protection to people after the drought period.
→ To re-start the agriculture, the farmers have to be provided economic help to purchase the farm implements, seeds, chemical fertilizers, Insecticides, etc.
→ After the viral epidemic, programmes of public education and public awareness have to be arranged so that the people would not be the victim of the epidemic in future.
→ Infrastructure facilities have to be resurrected.
→ Attempts have to be made to make the life of one or two survivors of the disaster from the family throbs again.
→ Those persons who have witnessed the disaster are under trauma and depressed very much. In order to bring them out of the trauma they have to be given timely treatment by a psychiatrist. If this is not done. It may have adverse effects in the long run on their mind and body.
→ For those who become invalid permanently, a proper training programme has to be arranged for their livelihood.
Thus, the work of rehabilitation after a disaster is very challenging. But it can be completed successfully by proper planning and its phase wise implementation.

The effects of disaster on human life are as follows:
1. Physical effects of disaster: The immovable and movable property are either damaged heavily or destroyed completely.
→ Infrastructural facilities like roads, bridges, electricity, gas, etc. are damaged heavily. It takes much time to resurrect them and a fresh planning has to be made about the costs.
→ The ready crop is washed away. Besides, the fertile soil for agriculture is also eroded heavily. so the crop production decreases in the long run.
→ When there is heavy flood, the property along the river banks is damaged very heavily and also causes loss of life.
2. Effects of disaster on human life:
→ Innocent children and women die untimely death. Some become invalid permanently.
→ Healthy people lose their health.
→ Family members feel the Intense shock and frustration because of the loss of their relatives. It takes a long time to come out of the mental trauma.
→ The condition of orphan children and old people becomes very awkward. It is difficult to arrange for their maintenance.
→ Due to the disturbed routine life people have to suffer many hardships and problems.
3. Economic effects of disasters:
→ After the disaster, a huge capital has to be raised for the restoration of construction work. So the development works in progress have to be stopped.
→ Due to the shortage of capital, current projects are delayed.
→ The unemployment problem of the workers becomes acute till the industrial units are restarted.
→ The economic condition of the people of the disaster-affected area becomes weaker.
4. Social effects of the disaster:
→ People who are frightened in the disaster affected area migrate. So the social ties of that area become weaker.
→ The events of public celebration of religious festivals become uninteresting compared to earlier celebrations. It takes time to bring back the joy and enthusiasm among people.
→ Due to the changes in the social relations, the structure of the social institution becomes weak.

Some terrorist events of the world are as follows:
(1) On 11th September, 2001 a terrorist organization did some series of suicidal attacks in USA.
→On that day, about 19 terrorists hijacked 4 passenger jet planes. Two of these planes were dashed against the Twin Towers (WTC) of New York City. This resulted in the death of about 3000 innocent citizens working in the tower. More than 6000 citizens were injured due to the collapse of the buildings. Of the other two planes, one dashed with the Pentagon the headquarters of the US Defence Department, in Washington, DC and the other fell in a farm in Pennsylvania.
(2) On 13th December, 2001, 5 terrorists of one terrorist association made an armed attack on the Parliament building (Sansad Bhavan) in New Delhi, the capital of India.
→They fired without any restrain for about 45 minutes in the complex of the Sansad, but the security guards of the Sansad put their lives at stake and made the attempt of the terrorists unsuccessful. During the clash with the terrorists, 8 soldiers became martyrs and 16 soldiers were injured.
(3) On the late night of 26th November, 2008, terrorists made a series of blasts and unrestrained firing on the well-known hotels in Mumbai and at the crowded places.
→ In this terrorist attack, about 166 people died an untimely death and 137 were injured.
(4) In December 2014, the terrorists opened firing in an army school in Peshawar in Pakistan and killed about 141 people which included 132 Innocent kids.
(5) During 13-14 November, 2015, the terrorists made blasts at 7 places in Paris, the capital of France. About 130 people died in the blast while 368 were injured.
(6) On 24th September, 2002 two terrorists fired without restrain on the visitors to the Akshardham situated in Gujarat's capital Gandhinagar. About 30 people died in the firing and 80 were injured.