4 Marks Each

Question 14 Marks

Give difference : Himalayan Rivers - Peninsular Rivers.

Answer

Himalayan Rivers		Peninsular Rivers
$1.$	Himalayan rivers have larger basins.	$1.$	Peninsular rivers have smaller basins.
$2.$	As their place of origin is higher, they flow with much velocity in mountainous area. They have densely eroded the mountains and carved out deep valleys and georges. They flow through deep valleys.	$2.$	As the place of their origin is at a lower level, their velocity is less. The amount of erosion is also less so these rivers flow through shallow valleys.
$3.$	These rivers are perennial. They receive water by rain during rainy season and by melting of glaciers during summer.	$3.$	Most of these are ephemeral rivers. They get only rainwater. So there is less water even in large rivers during summer.
$4.$	By eroding the mountains intensely, they bring sand and sediment in the plains where flood plains are formed.	$4.$	As the erosion is less, their water contains less quantity of sand and alluvium. So there is less deposition.
$5.$	In plains, there are many meanders due to the deposition in their beds.	$5.$	There is no noticeable meandering due to the hard, rocky bed, less water and absence of deposition in the flow.

View full question & answer→

Question 24 Marks

Rivers are called ‘Lokmata’. Why?Or Why are rivers considered lifelines of human civilisation.

Answer

River are an inseparable part of a country.
They carry various minerals dissolved with them and hence turn the landmass fertile.
River mouth, where freshwater of the river merges with the saline oceanic water, is the largest bioproductive area.
Many major cities are developed across rivers.
People are dependent on rivers for various activities like cattle rearing, agriculture, etc.
Rivers also serve as an important medium for transport, tourist attraction, trade and commerce.
Dams are constructed across rivers which help in irrigation and hydroelectricity production.
Due to all these important benefits, rivers are considered to be the lifeline of human civilization and are called ‘Lokmata’.

View full question & answer→

Question 34 Marks

Write a short note on Sindhu (Indus) River System.

Answer

Sindhu (Indus) River System:
It is one of the longest rivers of the world, with the length of $2900\ km.$
Sindhu river originates from near Mansarovar region in Tibet.
It has formed many inaccessible deep ravines and passes.
About one-third of its basin falls in the mountainous region of Jammu and Kashmir.
First, Sindhu flows to north and then turns westwards and enters India via. Ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir.
Here, Zaskar, Nubara, Shyok and Hunza rivers meet Sindhu.
From Jammu and Kashmir, Sindhu rivers starts flowing towards Pakistan.
In Punjab of Pakistan, main tributaries namely Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Satluj meet Sindhu at a place called Mithankot.
Then the combined flow of all these rivers ultimately flow southwards and meets Arabian Sea.
These rivers flow at a slower speed in the plain.
In $1960,$ a Treaty was signed with Pakistan regarding the distribution of Sindhu river water.
According to this, India can use only $20\%$ of its water.
Waters of Satluj, Ravi and Beas rivers are used for irrigation in the states of Punjab, Haryana and south-western part of Rajasthan.

View full question & answer→

Question 44 Marks

Explain the flow of a river in various sections (courses).

Answer

The flow of river can be divided in three sections. Each section is called a ‘Course’. There are three courses of river. They are:

Upper Course
Middle Course
Lower Course.

$(1)$ Upper Course:

When a river starts from mountainous region, it flows quickly with lots of energy. This causes intense erosion.
The upper course carries huge volume of sand and sediments along with it.

$(2)$ Middle Course:
In the middle course, the river flow slowly, but spreads on wide areas. This course transports lots of sediment and hence the river looks muddy.
$(a)$ Formation of meanders: The fall of river found in upper course changes to sideways motion. The river starts moving, to the right side then the left side, causing bends or loops in the shape of horseshoe (i.e., animal hoof) in the river. These bends are called meanders.
$(b)$ Formation of lakes: At times due to the meanders and the impact of floods, the loop formed during meanders gets cut-off from the main channel. The cut-off loop is called an ox bow lake.

$(3)$ Lower Course:

The end of the river is called the mouth. Lower course refers to the end of the journey of the river.
In the lower course, the river has a high volume of water and a large discharge of sediments but at low energy level.
The river channel is now deep and wide and the landscape around it is flat.

$(a)$ Formation of delta: At the mouth of a river, there is often a river delta a river delta is a large, muddy area where the river splits into many different slow-flowing channels i.e., tributaries. Delta is a highly fertile triangular-shaped plain.

View full question & answer→

Question 54 Marks

Describe different drainage paterns.

Answer

The drainage pattern of Indian rivers can be divided into four parts:
$(A)$ Dendritic Pattern:
When the arrangement of a river and its tributaries make a shape of the branches of a tree, it is called dendritic pattern, For example-Ganga.$(B)$ Trellis Pattern:

When streams starting from mountainous region meet one another due to the slopes they make a net-like shape. This pattern of river is called trellis pattern of river.
For example, many streams of Himalayan Mountains meet Himalayan rivers and form a trellis pattern.

$(C)$ Rectangular Pattern:

When the main river and its tributaries meet each other at right angles, they form a rectangular pattern.
Mostly, rivers flowing through rift valleys form such river rectangular river system. For example, Narmada.

$(D)$ Radial (Centrifugal) Pattern:

In this drainage pattern, the rivers flow outwards from one central hilly region.
Radial pattern is found in the river of Saurashtra.

View full question & answer→

Question 64 Marks

Write notes on Ganga River System.

Answer

$(1)$ A confluence takes place of the rivers Alaknanda and Bhagirathi originating near Gangotri in Himalayas near Devprayag. From there onward their combined flow is known as ‘Ganga’. It enters the plains near Haridwar.
$(2)$ In the plain region, many small and large rivers come from north and meet Ganga. Ghaghra, Gandak and Kosi coming from Nepal are main rivers of them.
$(3)$ River Yamuna originates from Yamunotri in the Himalayas. The confluence between Ganga and Yamuna takes place near Prayag (Allahabad) on the right bank of Ganga and between Ganga . and Son (Shon) near Patna.
$(4)$ Ganga bifurcates into two branches near Farakka in West Bengal. Its main branch flows ‘further in south-east, enters Bangladesh under the name ‘Padma’. Second branch in the south flows under the name ‘Bhagirathi-Hugli’ and meets the Bay of Bengal.
$(5)$ Padma merges with Brahmaputra in Bangladesh where it is called ‘Jamuna’. Its combined flow thereafter is known as ‘Meghna’ till the Bay of Bengal.
$(6)$ Ganga is more than $2500\ km$ long has the largest basin area in India. Most the water of North India flows out in the Bay Bengal through the Ganga River System.
$(7)$The Ganga-Brahmaputra delta is very much fertile. It is called as ‘Sundarvan’.

View full question & answer→

Question 74 Marks

Write in details about the lakes of India.

Answer

$(1)$ There are many small and large lakes in India.
$(2)$ Fresh water lakes are found mostly in the Himalayan region. These are formed due to glaciers. On mountain slopes, depressions are filled in with snow which melts due to the heat, water remains stagnant in the depression and forms a lake.
$(3)$ Wular Lake of Kashmir is formed due to tectonic movements. It is the largest fresh water lake of India.
$(4)$ Dal Lake ‘of Srinagar, Bhimtal, Nainital, Loktal, Badapani, ( etc. are also important fresh water lakes.
$(5)$ Due to flood hazards, Ox-bow lakes are formed in . the river meanders.
$(6)$ Tides have resulted into the formation of ‘lagoons’.
$(7)$ Chilka Lake of Odisha, Pulicat Lake of Coromandel coast and Vembanad Lake of Malabar coast are large saline water ‘Lagoons’ (backwaters). Of them, Chilka is ' the largest lake. It is also the largest natural ' lake of India.
$(8)$ Sambhar is a saline water ‘lake. Salt is produced from this lake.
$(9)$ Many man-made lakes in India are created due to the construction of dams across the rivers.

View full question & answer→

Question 84 Marks

Explain the Ganga River System.

Answer

$(1)$ A confluence takes place of the rivers Alaknanda and Bhagirathi originating near Gangotri in Himalayas near Devprayag. From there onward their combined flow is known as ‘Ganga’. It enters the plains near Haridwar.
$(2)$ In the plain region, many small and large rivers come from north and meet Ganga. Ghaghra, Gandak and Kosi coming from Nepal are main rivers of them.
$(3)$ River Yamuna originates from Yamunotri in the Himalayas. The confluence between Ganga and Yamuna takes place near Prayag (Allahabad) on the right bank of Ganga and between Ganga . and Son (Shon) near Patna.
$(4)$ Ganga bifurcates into two branches near Farakka in West Bengal. Its main branch flows ‘further in south-east, enters Bangladesh under the name ‘Padma’. Second branch in the south flows under the name ‘Bhagirathi-Hugli’ and meets the Bay of Bengal.
$(5)$ Padma merges with Brahmaputra in Bangladesh where it is called ‘Jamuna’. Its combined flow thereafter is known as ‘Meghna’ till the Bay of Bengal.
$(6)$ Ganga is more than $2500\ km$ long has the largest basin area in India. Most the water of North India flows out in the Bay Bengal through the Ganga River System.
$(7)$The Ganga-Brahmaputra delta is very much fertile. It is called as ‘Sundarvan’.

View full question & answer→

Social Science 4 Marks Each

Test yourself on this topic