Social Science 2 Marks Each

Mountbatten presented his plan for partitioning India on 24th March, 1947. Q4. When power was transferred to India by the British? Who was appointed as the First Indian Governor-General of India? Ans. Mountbatten, the last viceroy of the British Government, organized a function at New Delhi on the midnight of 14th August, 1947 and transferred the power to India. C. Rajgopalchari was the first as well as the last Indian Governor-General of Independent India.

Under Azad Hind Fauj, Bose in his speeches and on radio, gave slogans like ‘Chalo Delhi’ (Let’s march to Delhi) and “Turn Mujhe khoon do, mein tumhe Azadi doonga” (Give me blood, I will give you freedom).

Indians strongly believed that since the Commission was framed to bring reforms in the Indian political system, the British government must include Indian members in the Commission to understand the problems and pains of Indian society. However, the British rejected this recommendation. Hence, Indians opposed the Simon Commission.

• Lord Mountbatten had proposed :
• (1) Division of Punjab on the basis of religion of that the Hindu-majority district to be retained by India and the Muslim-majority district be given to Pakistan.
• (2) Division of Bengal on the basis of religion that the Hindu-majority districts to be retained by India and the Muslim-majority districts to be given to Pakistan.
• (3) Silhet district in Assam, Baluchistan, North-West Frontier Province and Sind were to be given to Pakistan.

• Lord Mountbatten had proposed :
• (1) Division of Punjab on the basis of religion of that the Hindu-majority district to be retained by India and the Muslim-majority district be given to Pakistan.
• (2) Division of Bengal on the basis of religion that the Hindu-majority districts to be retained by India and the Muslim-majority districts to be given to Pakistan.
• (3) Silhet district in Assam, Baluchistan, North-West Frontier Province and Sind were to be given to Pakistan.

• (1) The British government had appointed a Statutory Commission in 1927 under the Chairmanship of Sir John Simon to review the working of the reforms of 1919
• (2) The Commission consisted of seven members. However, not a single member was Indian.
• (3) It was suggested that Indian members be appointed in the Commission as they had better understanding of the problems of Indian people.
• (4) The British government did not oblige and therefore, people of India boycotted the Simon Commission.

• The resolution of the following problems related to partition was needed:
• Division and reorganisation of the armed forces
• Division of properties and assets -
• Assignment of responsibility regarding debts and credits
• Rehabilitation of refugees
• Distribution of civil servants and reorga- nisation of civil services
• Demarcation of international boundaries between India and Pakistan.

• (1) There was a shift in the demand of the Indian National Congress from Dominion Status to Complete Independence.
• (2) This was reflected in the Lahore session, presided over by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.
• (3) A resolution demanding Poorna Swarajya -Complete Independence - was unanimously passed on 3lst December, 1929.
• (4) The people of India were asked to celebrate 26th January, 1930 as ‘Independence Day’ and take pledge to fight for the attainment of complete independence.
• (5) It was also decided to launch Civil Disobedience Movement for the attainment of Poorna Swarajya under the leadership of Gandhiji.
• There fore, the Lahore Session (1929) of the : Indian National Congress was memorable (of great historical importance).

• (1)Dandi March was undertaken as a part of the Civil Disobedience Movement where in Gandhiji was to launch the movement by breaking the unjust Salt Act.
• (2) Dandi March started from the Sabarmati Harijan Ashram on 12th March, 1930 and after covering a distance of 374 kms, is reached Dandi Bunder in Navsari district on 5th April, 1930.
• (3) Gandhiji undertook the programme of breaking the Salt Act on 6th April, 1930.

• (1)Lala Lajpatrai was leading an anti- Simon procession in Lahore.
• (2) English police inspector John Saunders .had ordered lathi-charge on the people in procession.
• (3)Lala Lajpatrai was badly injured in this lathi-charge.
• (4)He subsequently succumbed to death. Thus police lathi-charge was the reason of the death of Lala Lajpatrai.

• (1) All political parties in India decided to boycott the proceedings of the Simon Commission.
• (2) The arrival of Simon Commission on 3rd Fabruary, 1928 was given welcome by anti-Simon . processions and Hartal.
• (3) People shouted the slogan ‘Simon go back’; and displayed black flags wherever the Commission went to the places in India.

• (1)The Montague-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 had a provision that working of the reforms be reviewed after ten years by a Statutory Commission. This Commission was also entrusted the responsibility of recommending further reforms.
• (2) Two ‘years earlier to the provision, the British government constituted a Statutory Inquiry Commission in 1927 under the chairmanship of Sir John Simon.