3 Marks Each

Question 13 Marks

Write short note : Dandi March

Answer

Dandi March was a part of the Civil Disobedience Movement; wherein it was decided that Gandhiji will violate the Salt Act on seashore at Dandi.
Gandhiji addressed a_ public meeting on $11^{\mathrm{th}}$ March, 1930 at Ahmedabad and made an appeal to the people to resolutely oppose the government in non-violent ways.
Gandhiji started his Dandi March on $12^{\mathrm{th}}$ March from Sabarmati Harijan Ashram with his seventy eight followers and walked the distance of 378 km to Dandi in Navsari district.
On 29th March Gandhiji stated that He shall die the death of a crow and a dog, but will not return to Sabarmati Ashram without attaining Poorna SwaraJ.
People extended hearty welcome to Satyagrahis on the way to Dandi.
Gandhiji and his followers reached Dandi on 5th April. On the morning of 6th April picked up handful of salt. He announced that I have broken the Salt Act.
Dandi March led to unprecedented public awareness, immense faith of people and unity among the Hindus and the Muslims. The whole nation became satyagrahis in the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Mahadevbhai Desai compared the Dandi March with Gautam Buddha's Mahabhinishkraman.

Question 23 Marks

Write short note : Simon Commission

Answer

Montague-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 a provision to review its working by a tory Commission. This Commission was to end on the new constitutional reforms to granted in future. Such a Commission was to appointed after ten years.
However, the British government appointed the Simon Commission in 1927.
This Commission had seven members and was , headed by Sir John Simon. All seven members :were British persons.
People of India requested that Indian members be appointed on the Commission who would understand the grievances of the people.
Since the British government did not accept this request, all political parties and the people of India decided to boycott the working of the Simon Commission.
The people shouted the slogan ‘Simon go back When the Commission reached Mumbai on 3rd February, 1928. people protested against the Commission wherever It went in India by taking out processions and observing Hartal.
The British government resorted to violent means to crush the agitations.
The veteran leaders like Lala Lajpatrai, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and Govind Vallabh Pant were the victims of police atrocities.
Lala Lajpatrai was severely injured and Succumbed to death; whereas Govind Vallabh Pant suffered life-long disability.
Infuriated by the news of demise of Lala Lajpatrai, police officer Saunders who had ordered lathi-charge in Lahore was assassinated.

Social Science 3 Marks Each