4 Marks Each

Question 14 Marks

Write short note on : Remedies for wildlife conservation.

Answer

Remedies to conserve the wildlife are as follows :
Forests should be protected and a long term planning should be made by the Government to conserve them successively.
Strong laws should be framed for the conservation of forests and the wildlife and the citizens should be ready to implement them.
The social NGOs should give priority to the conservation of wildlife and programmes for the awareness should be arranged for the same.
The problems regarding the conservation of wildlife should be included in the school syllabus and the citizens should be trained for the future.
A study should be made beforehand to assess the probable impact on environment and the animal life before planning development projects , for the nation, industries, dwellings, factories, etc.
The illegal tree felling in the forests should be prevented. Birds stay in the hollow space of the trees and build their nests on the branches of the trees.
Ponds, khet-talavadi and wetlands should be maintained for the migratory and aquatic birds.
Insecticides should be used in place of : pesticides.
Attempts should be made to reduce the level of pollution in the atmosphere.
Adequate precautions should be taken to prevent forest fire. Intense patrolling and vigilance should be arranged.

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Question 24 Marks

Write a short note on : Bio-diversity of India.

Answer

The physiography of India consists of different forms like high mountains, vast river plains, peninsular plateaus, marshy lands, sea-coasts, etc.
The natural vegetation regions like the dense rainforests, monsoon forests, thorny vegetation, coniferous forests, etc. have formed a vast background for the dwelling of wild animals.
That is why Asiatic elephants are seen in the rainforests of peninsular plateaus, one- horned Indian rhinos in the marshy area of Brahmaputra river, snow leopards in the high 5 uplands of Himalayas, wild goats and musk deer in Jammu-Kashmir, wild buffalo (Indian bison) in south Indian forests, tiger in Madhya Pradesh and Bengal, Ghudkhar (wild ass) in the Little Rann of Kachchh and flamingo are found in the waterlogged Greater Rann of Kachchh.
In the grasslands of the nation large birds like ghorad (Great Indian Bustard) are found.
In the waterlogged area of India, migratory birds like Siberian crane, pelican, Tibetan duck, kunj, karkara, etc. come during winter.
Flying squirrels are seen in the dense forests of Western Ghats.
Nicobari dove is a rare bird found in Nicobar islands. Rare species of corals are found in the Gulf of Kachchh and in Lakshadweep islands.
Different varieties of reptiles like king cobra,snakes, python, iguana (patlagho), etc. are alsofound.
Along the seacoasts and in other water bodies, various fishes are found, wherein dolphin, shark, dugong (sea cow), octopus (rangara), whale, mackerel, bumla, pomfret, herring, salmon, etc. are major ones.
On the agricultural lands, pasture lands and wastelands animals like fox, wolf, nilgai, deer, mongoose, rabbit, wild hog, hedgehog, etc. are seen moving around.
There is a large diversity in the birds of India. The national bird peacock is very beautiful bird. Besides, cuckoo, parrot, sughari (weaver-bird), owl, chibri, pilak, kite, kabar, dhor bagala, duck, hawk, crow, pigeon, sparrow, etc. are also found in large numbers in India.

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Question 34 Marks

Give an account of the Indian wildlife.

Answer

Since last few decades, a danger, hangs on the existence of wildlife of India and so there is a decrease in the number of wild animals.
Before about one hundred years, there were many tigers in India. According to an estimate of $2014$ by the Forest and Environment Department, today there are $2226$ tigers.
The number of species of vulture has also decreased due to its meat polluted because of the use of diclofenac drug used to treat milch cattle.
The leopards which were found in India in the beginning of the $20th$ century are almost extinct in the country.
Earlier, the Asiatic lions were found strolling in the forest of Asiatic forests of middle eastern countries are now found only in Gir Forests. Due to the implementation of ‘Lion Project’, and their breeding there are now $523$ lions in $2015.$
At one time, flamingoes were seen in very large numbers in the country, but today their number has reduced.
Shyam Garud (Black eagle) which is a native of mountain forests in Gujarat is also rarely seen.
Chilotro, a bird found in the mountain forests in Vijaynagar Taluka of Sabarkantha district is also hardly seen nowadays.

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Question 44 Marks

Give information about the diversified wildlife of India.

Answer

The physiography of India consists of different forms like high mountains, vast river plains, peninsular plateaus, marshy lands, sea-coasts, etc.
The natural vegetation regions like the dense rainforests, monsoon forests, thorny vegetation, coniferous forests, etc. have formed a vast background for the dwelling of wild animals.
That is why Asiatic elephants are seen in the rainforests of peninsular plateaus, one- horned Indian rhinos in the marshy area of Brahmaputra river, snow leopards in the high 5 uplands of Himalayas, wild goats and musk deer in Jammu-Kashmir, wild buffalo (Indian bison) in south Indian forests, tiger in Madhya Pradesh and Bengal, Ghudkhar (wild ass) in the Little Rann of Kachchh and flamingo are found in the waterlogged Greater Rann of Kachchh.
In the grasslands of the nation large birds like ghorad (Great Indian Bustard) are found.
In the waterlogged area of India, migratory birds like Siberian crane, pelican, Tibetan duck, kunj, karkara, etc. come during winter.
Flying squirrels are seen in the dense forests of Western Ghats.
Nicobari dove is a rare bird found in Nicobar islands. Rare species of corals are found in the Gulf of Kachchh and in Lakshadweep islands.
Different varieties of reptiles like king cobra,snakes, python, iguana (patlagho), etc. are alsofound.
Along the seacoasts and in other water bodies, various fishes are found, wherein dolphin, shark, dugong (sea cow), octopus (rangara), whale, mackerel, bumla, pomfret, herring, salmon, etc. are major ones.
On the agricultural lands, pasture lands andwastelands animals like fox, wolf, nilgai, deer, mongoose, rabbit, wild hog, hedgehog, etc. are seen moving around.
There is a large diversity in the birds of India. The national bird peacock is very beautiful bird. Besides, cuckoo, parrot, sughari (weaver-bird), owl, chibri, pilak, kite, kabar, dhor bagala, duck, hawk, crow, pigeon, sparrow, etc. are also found in large numbers in India.

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Question 54 Marks

State the remedies to conserve the wildlife.

Answer

Remedies to conserve the wildlife are as follows :
Forests should be protected and a long term planning should be made by the Government to conserve them successively.
Strong laws should be framed for the conservation of forests and the wildlife and the citizens should be ready to implement them.
The social NGOs should give priority to the conservation of wildlife and programmes for the awareness should be arranged for the same.
The problems regarding the conservation of wildlife should be included in the school syllabus and the citizens should be trained for the ' future.
A study should be made beforehand to assess the probable impact on environment and the animal life before planning development projects , for the nation, industries, dwellings, factories, etc.
The illegal tree felling in the forests should be prevented. Birds stay in the hollow space of the trees and build their nests on the branches of the trees.
Ponds, khet-talavadi and wetlands should be maintained for the migratory and aquatic birds.
Insecticides should be used in place of : pesticides.
Attempts should be made to reduce the level of pollution in the atmosphere.
Adequate precautions should be taken to prevent forest fire. Intense patrolling and vigilance should be arranged.

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Question 64 Marks

Which steps should be taken to conserve the wildlife?

Answer

Remedies to conserve the wildlife are as follows :
Forests should be protected and a long term planning should be made by the Government to conserve them successively.
Strong laws should be framed for the conservation of forests and the wildlife and the citizens should be ready to implement them.
The social NGOs should give priority to the conservation of wildlife and programmes for the awareness should be arranged for the same.
The problems regarding the conservation of wildlife should be included in the school syllabus and the citizens should be trained for the ' future.
A study should be made beforehand to assess the probable impact on environment and the animal life before planning development projects , for the nation, industries, dwellings, factories, etc.
The illegal tree felling in the forests should be prevented. Birds stay in the hollow space of the trees and build their nests on the branches of the trees.
Ponds, khet-talavadi and wetlands should be maintained for the migratory and aquatic birds.
Insecticides should be used in place of : pesticides.
Attempts should be made to reduce the level of pollution in the atmosphere.
Adequate precautions should be taken to prevent forest fire. Intense patrolling and vigilance should be arranged.

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Question 74 Marks

Which remedies have been taken for the conservation of wildlife in India?

Answer

Remedies taken for the conservation of- wildlife in India are as follows :
The duty to conserve and to show compassion towards the forests and the wildlife are included in the Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles.
The Government has formed various laws for the protection of wild animals. Accordingly, killing or catching the wild animals, to enter the sanctuary without the permission and to graze the animals in national parks has been banned. There is a provision of punishment for these crimes.
According to the recommendations of the Wildlife Board, the Indian Parliament has passed ‘Wildlife Conservation Act’ and the Wildlife Advisory Board has been founded in most of the states.
Throughout the country, sanctuaries, national parks and bio-reserves are established for the conservation of wild animals. Out of them, $22$ sanctuaries, $4$ national parks and $1$ bio-reserve are formed in Gujarat.
The Government has prepared special projects for those animals species which face danger of existence or are on the verge of extinction.
Considering the decreasing number of tigers in the country, the Government of India has started ‘Tiger Project’ in 1973. Accordingly. $9$ protected zones are created for the protection and conservation of tigers. About 48 reserved areas are covered under the project at present.
Lion Project’ is started in Gir to protect the Asiatic lions.
Similarly, ‘Hangool Project’ for Kashmiri barashinga which is a rare species of deer, ‘Crocodile Project’ for crocodiles of saline water, ‘Rhino Project’ for the protection of Indian rhino, ‘Snow Leopard Project’, etc. have been started.
By devising projects for the protection of unsafe animals through ‘natural educational camps’, the Government attempts to bring awareness in the public.

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Social Science 4 Marks Each

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