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Chemistry [2 Mark Question Answer]

Hydrogen Chloride · ICSE STD 10 (ICSE - English Medium). 10 questions.

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[2 Mark Question Answer]

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Question 12 Marks
Two blank spaces A and B are left in the following table. Identify both of them.
Lab preparation ofReactants usedProducts formedDrying agentMethod of collection
HCI gasNaCl + H2SO4____A____Conc. H2SO4____B____
Answer
A. NaHSO4 and HCl gas
B. HCl gas is collected by the upward displacement of air

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Question 22 Marks
Name two soluble nitrates which can be converted into insoluble chlorides by the use of dilute HCl. Support your answer by chemical equations.
Answer
(i) Silver nitrate solution on treating with dilute HCl, forms insoluble silver chloride.
AgNO3 (aq) + HCl (dil.) → HNO3 + AgCl (s)
(ii) Lead nitrate solution on treating with dilute HCl forms insoluble lead chloride.
Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2HCl (dil.) → 2HNO3 + PbCl2 (s)
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Question 32 Marks
Why are conventional drying agent such as calcium oxide and phosphorus pentoxide not used for drying moist HCl gas? Give equations.
Answer
The drying agents react chemically with HCl and hence cannot be used as shown by the equations below :
CaO + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2O
$2 P _2 O _5+3 HCl \longrightarrow \underset{\substack{\text { Phosphorus } \\ \text { oxy-chloride }}}{ POCl _3}+\underset{\substack{\text { meta phosphoric } \\ \text { acid }}}{3 HPO _3}$
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Question 42 Marks
Give an equation for preparation of HCl gas by synthesis. State two conditions involved in its synthesis.
Answer
$H _2+ Cl _2 \xrightarrow[\text { light }]{\text { Diffused }} 2 HCl$
Conditions :
(i) The synthesis should be carried in diffused sunlight as the reaction is highly explosive in direct sunlight.
(ii) The gases should be slighty moist as moisture acts as catalyst.
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Question 52 Marks
In the laboratory preparation of HCl gas from sodium chloride, state why the following are preferred.
(i) Conc. H2SO4 as reactant.
(ii) Temperature of reaction mixture below 200°C.
Answer
(i) Conc. sulphuric acid is a powerful oxidising agent and is least volatile. Thus, when the reaction mixture is heated, only HCl gas passes over and not the vapours of sulphuric acid.
(ii) If the temperature rises above 200°C
(1) Sodium bisulphate reacts with common salt to form sodium sulphate. The sodium sulphate so formed fuses in the glass apparatus and renders it useless.
$NaHSO _4+ NaCl \xrightarrow{>200^{\circ} C } Na _2 SO _4+ HCl$
(2) The apparatus may break.
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Question 62 Marks
(a) Name two acids used in the formation of aqua regia.
(b) What is the ratio of these acids?
Answer
(a) Conc. HCl and Conc. HΝΟ3
(b) Three parts of conc. HCl and one part of conc. HNO3
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Question 72 Marks
(a) What happens when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to lead nitrate solution?
(b) Write a balanced chemical equation for the action of dilute hydrochloric acid on sodium sulphite.
Answer
(a) The lead nitrate solution forms a white precipitate which rapidly settles down.
Image
(b) $Na _2 SO _3+2 HCl$ (dil.) $\longrightarrow 2 NaCl + H _2 O + SO _2$ (g)
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Question 82 Marks
What is observed when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to silver nitrate solution. Write the equation involved.
Answer
A curdy white precipitate of silver chloride is formed. This precipitate rapidly settles at the bottom of the test tube.
AgNO3(aq) + HCl(dil.) → AgCl(s) + HNO3(aq)
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Question 92 Marks
Write balanced chemical equations for the following reactions:
(a) Zinc and dilute hydrochloric acid (b) Calcium bicarbonate and dilute hydrochloric acid
Answer
(a) Zn+2HCl (dil.) → ZnCl2 + H2(g) (b) Ca(HCO3)2 + 2HCl (dil.) → CaCl2 + 2H2O + 2CO2 (g)
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Question 102 Marks
(a) What is the property of concentrated sulphuric acid which allows it to be used in the preparation of hydrogen chloride and nitric acid?
(b) What property of hydrogen chloride is demonstrated when it is collected by the downward delivery (upward displacement)?
Answer
(a) Conc. sulphuric acid is the least volatile acid and hence does not distil over while preparing HCl or HNO3.
(b) It shows HCl is heavier than air.
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[2 Mark Question Answer] - Chemistry STD 10 Questions - Vidyadip