Geography [4 Mark Question Answer]

The length and breadth of different places is as follows:
(a) Playground
Length of the playground = 3.5 cm = 3.5 × 8 m = 27 m
Breadth of the playground = 4 cm = 4 × 8 m = 32 m
(b) Office
Length of the office = 1.1 cm- 1.1 × 8 m = 8.8 m
Breadth of the office = 0.8 cm = 0.8 × 8 m = 6.4 m
(c) Library
Length of the library = 1.1 cm= 1.1 × 8 m = 8.8 m
Breadth of the library = 0.8 cm = 0.8 × 8 m = 6.4 m
(d) Classroom
Length of the Classroom = 4.35 cm = 4.35 × 8 m = 34.8 m
Breadth of the Classroom = 2.1 cm = 2.1 × 8 m = 16.2 m
(e) Tennis Court
Length of the Tennis Court = 1.7 cm= 1.7 × 8 m = 13.6 m
Breadth of the Tennis Court = 2.7 cm = 2.7 × 8 m = 21.6 m
(f) Gym
Length of the Gym = 1.5 cm= 1.5 × 8 m= 12 m
Breadth of the Gym = 1.7 cm = 1.7 × 8 m= 13.6 m
(g) Canteen
Length of the Canteen =1.5 cm=1.5 × 8m=12 m
Breadth of the Canteen = 1.75 cm = 1.75 × 8 m = 14 m

Take the piece of the twine, make a knot at one end and place
the knotted end on the starting point of the distance to .be measured. Now move the twine along the object to be measured by slowly placing the twine bit by bit along the route following each bend or curve as closely as possible. When you reach the end of the route you are measuring, mark that end with ink. Now place the twine on the scale with the knotted end at 0 and see how far the ink-marked end reaches on the scale. Measure the length and convert into kilometres. If the distance to be measured is longer than the printed scale on the map, place the twine on the ruler in the same way, calculate the number of centimetres it covers and convert that into kilometres.

The distance on a curved line is measured using a piece of twine or a divider.
In the divider method, a divider whose pointed ends are 1 or 2 cm apart is used. Beginning at one end of the feature to be measured, the divider is turned continuously till the other end is reached. The number of turns are counted and then using the scale of the map, the actual distance on the ground calculated.
In the twine method, a twine is placed along the feature to be measured from one end to another. The length of the twine is then measured in cm or inches using a ruler or linear scale and then converted into km or miles using the scale of the given map.

The three ways used to represent the scale of a map are :
(a) Verbal or statement scale — The scale is stated in words. The units are usually mentioned in this type of scale, for example, 1 cm = 10 km or 1 cm to 10 km. It means that 1 cm on the map is equal to 10 km on the ground.
(b) Graphical or linear scale — This consists of a straight line which is divided into lengths that represent given distances on the earth’s surface.
(c) Representative fraction (RF) — This is a fraction in which the numerator expresses the distance on the map and the denominator represents the actual distance on the ground. It must be noted that the numerator is always 1 and both the numerator and the denominator are expressed in the same unit.