[3 marks Question Answer]

Question 13 Marks

Define the following term and give one example : Parasitism

Answer

Parasitism is a kind of relationship between two species in which one species which is termed a parasite, derives its food from the other species which is termed as host. Parasitism also involves shelter, in addition to food obtained by a parasite. Parasites may be ectoparasites or endoparasites. Ectoparasites live on the surface of their host while endoparasites live inside the body of the host.
Examples of Parasitism
$(i).$ Cuscuta growing on a shoe flower plant is a parasitic interaction, as Cuscuta derives nutrition from Hibiscus $($shoe flower$)$, as it lacks chlorophyll.
$(ii).$ Head lice is an ectoparasite and suck human blood
$(iii).$ Ascaris $($roundworm$)$, Taenia $($tapeworm$)$, Malaria $($Plasmodium$)$ causing diseases in humans
$(iv).$ Koel laying its eggs in a crow’s nest is an example of brood parasitism. Birds lay eggs in the nest of their host and the host incubates it.

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Question 23 Marks

Differentiate among primary, secondary and tertiary consumers. Give one example of each in a food chain.

Answer

All plants produce food through photosynthesis and are categorised as self food producers i.e. these are autotrophs. There are plant eating animals called herbivores as Rabbits, deers, pigeons, cows, buffaloes etc. and insects like grasshoppers, bees, butterflies and crickets also eat plants or plant products as fruits, flowers, pollen grains and plant juices. Such animals are called primary consumers.
Animals like tigers, lions, wolves, lizards, frogs eat the primary consumers. Birds vultures, kites, eagles eat the primary consumer, $($i.e. These birds are well eat the flesh of many birds like pigeons, sparrows.$)$ These animals or birds are called secondary consumers.
Animals like snakes are eaten by the peacocks, they eat the secondary consumers and are called tertiary consumers.
Owls, eagle are top carnivore. So it is quaternary consumer.

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BIOLOGY [3 marks Question Answer]

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