BIOLOGY MCQ

The conditions to maintain the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are no mutation, no gene flow, large population size, random mating, and no natural selection.
The Hardy$-$Weinberg equilibrium can be disrupted by deviations from any of its five main underlying conditions.
Hence, Under which condition, Hardy Weinberg's law is violated Natural selection, Mutation and Immigration and genetic drift.
So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

Geological Time scale is the vast expanse of geological time has been separated into eras, periods, and epochs.
All geologic time before the beginning of the Paleozoic era is known as Precambrian era. This includes about $90\%$ of all geologic time and spans the time from the beginning of the earth, about $4.5$ billion years ago, to $544$ million years ago. It is the largest span of time in Earth's history.

Homo sapiens is the parent species to which modern man belongs. It evolved from Homo erectus in Africa. Homo sapiens developed three subspecies- Neanderthal man, Cromagnon man and Modern man. The most primitive of these three, the Neanderthals, lived $30,000$ to $100,000$ years ago. This was followed by Cromagnon man, who lived around $20,000$ to $50,000$ years ago.

The atmosphere of earth is a layer of gases surrounding the planet and it is retained by the earth's gravity. The atmosphere protects life on earth by absorbing ultraviolet solar radiation, warming the surface through heat retention and reducing temperature extremes between day and night.
The gases in earth's atmosphere include: nitrogen$-78\%,$ oxygen$-21\%,$ argon$-0.9\%,$ carbon dioxide$-0.03\%.$ Water vapour and other gases exist in small amounts as well.
Nitrogen dilutes oxygen and prevents rapid burning at the earth's surface. Living things need it to make proteins. Nitrogen cannot be used directly from the air. The nitrogen cycle is nature's way of supplying the needed nitrogen for living things.