Question 11 Mark
Fill in the blanks.
In an ecosystem dominated by trees, the pyramid (of numbers) is _________ type.
In an ecosystem dominated by trees, the pyramid (of numbers) is _________ type.
Answer
View full question & answer→Spindle.
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Question 21 Mark
Which one of the following has the largest population in a food chain?
- Producers.
- Primary consumers.
- Secondary consumers.
- Decomposers.
Answer
- Decomposers.
Explanation:
View full question & answer→ Explanation: Zooplankton are primary consumers in aquatic food chains that feed upon phytoplankton. Therefore, they are present at the second trophic level in a lake. Explanation: Out of total incident solar radiation, about fifty percent of it forms photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). The major reservoir of carbon on earth is ________. In aquatic ecosystems, the limiting factor for the productivity is _________. = (Gross – Primary Productivity) - (Respiratory Losses). ORQuestion 31 MarkSecondary producers are:
AnswerView full question & answer→
Question 41 MarkThe second trophic level in a lake is-
AnswerView full question & answer→
Question 51 MarkWhat is the percentage of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), in the incident solar radiation.
AnswerView full question & answer→
Question 61 MarkFill in the blanks. AnswerView full question & answer→Oceans.Question 71 MarkFill in the blanks.
Common detritivores in our ecosystem are _________.AnswerView full question & answer→Earthworm, bacteria & fungi of decay and vulture.Question 81 MarkFill in the blanks. AnswerView full question & answer→Sunlight.Question 91 MarkFill in the blanks.
Plants are called as _________ because they fix carbon dioxide.AnswerView full question & answer→Autotrophs.Question 101 MarkState what does ‘standing crop’ of a trophic level represent?AnswerView full question & answer→There is unidirectional movement of energy the higher trophic level and its levels has a certain mass of living material at a particular time called as the standing crop. It represent values for dry blomass (standing crop).Question 111 MarkWrite a difference between net primary productivity and gross productivity.AnswerView full question & answer→Gross productivity-Rate of production of organic matter during photosynthesis Net primary productivity -Available biomass for the consumption to heterotrophs/GPP-R = NPP.Question 121 MarkHow is ‘stratification’ represented in a forest ecosystem?AnswerView full question & answer→Trees occupy vertical stratra, shrubs the second layer and herbs/grasses occupy the bottom layers/vertical distribution of species, at different levels.Question 131 MarkWhat does ecological niche of an organism represent?AnswerView full question & answer→The ecological niche (of an organism) signifies the range of conditions it can tolerate, the resources it utilises, and its functional role in the ecological system.Question 141 MarkWrite the equation that helps in deriving the net primary productivity of an ecosystem.AnswerView full question & answer→Net primary productivity (NPP) is an ecosystem can be derived using the following equation: NPP = GPP-R. Question 151 MarkWhy is the rate of assimilation of energy at the herbivore level called secondary productivity?AnswerView full question & answer→It is because the biomass available to the consumer for consumption is a resultant of the primary productivity from plants.Question 161 MarkName the two forms of reservoir of carbon, that regulate the ecosystem carbon cycle.AnswerView full question & answer→Atmosphere and oceans.Question 171 MarkWhat is meant by humification?AnswerView full question & answer→The process of formation of humus from detritus or organic matter is called humification.Question 181 MarkWhich are more numerous, secondary consumers or tertiary consumers?AnswerView full question & answer→Secondary consumers.Question 191 MarkIn which case, the pyramid of number is inverted?AnswerView full question & answer→In a tree ecosystem.Question 201 MarkHow is the net primary productivity of an ecosystem derived?AnswerView full question & answer→Gross primary productivity (GPP) – Respiratory loss (R) = Net primary productivity (NPP); it is the amount of energy/ biomass available in the producers for consumption by herbivores.Question 211 MarkWhat is the approximate value of net primary productivity of the biosphere?AnswerView full question & answer→170 billion tons of (dry weight) organic matter. Question 221 MarkList two factors that determine the vegetation and soil type of an ecosystem.AnswerView full question & answer→Two factors that determine the vegetation and soil type of an ecosystem are:
Question 231 MarkDefine mineralisation.AnswerView full question & answer→The process of degradation of humus by microbial action and release of inorganic nutrients.Question 241 MarkName the natural reservoir of phosphorus and the form in which it is present.AnswerView full question & answer→
Question 251 MarkName the basic requirement of any ecosystem to function and sustain.AnswerView full question & answer→Biotic and abiotic factors.Question 261 MarkExpand PAR.AnswerView full question & answer→Photosynthetically Active Radiation.Question 271 MarkWrite the name of four important functional aspects of ecosystem.AnswerView full question & answer→
Question 281 MarkName the two forms of reservoir of carbon, that regulate the ecosystem carbon cycle.AnswerView full question & answer→
Question 291 MarkGive any two examples of xerarch succession.AnswerView full question & answer→
Question 301 MarkWho put a price tag for the ecosystem services? What is its value?AnswerView full question & answer→
Question 311 MarkMention any two reasons why the primary productivity varies in different types of ecosystems?AnswerView full question & answer→The primary productivity varies in different types of ecosystems as:
Question 321 MarkList any two ways of measuring the standing crop of a trophic level.AnswerView full question & answer→Two ways of measuring the standing crop of a trophic level are:
Question 331 MarkIn the following table the ecological units are mentioned in the first column vertically and their attributes are mentioned horizontally. Match the ecological units and its attribute and put a tick in the blank with the table:
Attribute $\rightarrow$ Ecological Unit $\downarrow$ Age Flow of Energy Natality Predator prey relationship Individual organism Population Commupity Ecosystem AnswerView full question & answer→
Attribute $\rightarrow$ Ecological Unit $\downarrow$ Age Flow of Energy Natality Predator prey relationship Individual organism $\checkmark$ Population $\checkmark$ Commupity $\checkmark$ Ecosystem $\checkmark$ Question 341 MarkWrite a difference between net primary productivity and gross primary productivity. AnswerView full question & answer→A difference between c and gross primary productivity is:
S. No. gross primary productivity. net primary productivity 1. It is the rate of production of biomass/organic matter by producers during photosynthesis. It refers to the biomass/ organic matter available for the consumption to heterotrophs, left after some respiratory losses. Question 351 MarkHow much of carbon is:
AnswerView full question & answer→
Question 361 MarkExpand PAR.AnswerView full question & answer→Photosynthetic Active Radiation.Question 371 MarkDefine primary production.AnswerView full question & answer→It is defined as the amount of biomass or organic matter produced per unit area over a certain time period by plants during photosynthesis.Question 381 MarkAnswerView full question & answer→X and Z- Respiration and Y- Photosynthesis.Question 391 MarkWhat is meant by species composition in an ecosystem? AnswerView full question & answer→Species composition refers to all the plant, animal and microbial species present in a given ecosystem.Question 401 MarkHow much of productivity is contributed by oceans? AnswerView full question & answer→Oceans contribute about 55 billion tons organic matter.Question 411 MarkWhat is the basic requirement of any ecosystem to function and sustain?AnswerView full question & answer→Constant solar input.Question 421 MarkIs the common edible mushroom an autotroph or a heterotroph?AnswerView full question & answer→Heterotroph (as it does not have chlorophyll).Question 431 MarkArrange the following as you observe in vertical stratification of a forest-Grass, Shrubby plants, Teak, Amaranthus.AnswerView full question & answer→Grass, Amaranthus, Shrubby plants, Teak.Question 441 MarkHow is stratification represented in forest ecosystem?AnswerView full question & answer→Stratification is the way in which different species in an ecosystem are placed or arranged vertically, occupying different levels. It is a way of minimising competition for limited resources vital for survival.Question 451 MarkAnswer the following questions:
Over the years, it has been observed that some of the lakes are disappearing due to urbanisation. In absence of human interference, depict by making a flow chart, how do the successional series progress from hydric to mesic condition.AnswerView full question & answer→Phytoplankton - hydric → Submerged plant stage → Submerged free floating plant stage → Reed swamp stage → Marsh - meadow stage → Scrub stage → Forest stage - Mesic.Question 461 MarkHow much of carbon is dissolved in the oceans?AnswerView full question & answer→About 71%.Question 471 MarkHow much carbon is fixed in the biosphere through photosynthesis annually?AnswerView full question & answer→4 × 109kg.Question 481 MarkDefine trophic level.AnswerView full question & answer→Food web is formed by interconnecting food chains.Question 491 MarkAnswer the following questions:
Colonisation of a rocky terrain is a natural process. Mention the group of organisms which invade this area first. Give an example.AnswerView full question & answer→Pioneer species invade the area first.
For example, lichen.Question 501 MarkWhat is a sere?AnswerView full question & answer→The entire sequence of communities, that successively change in a given area resulting in a climax community, is called a sere.
