Social Science Question(1 Marks)

The monsoon is considered a unifying bond because:

• The Indian landscape, its flora and fauna, etc. are highly influenced by the monsoon.
• These monsoon winds bind the whole country by providing water for agricultural activities.
• Most of the festivals in India that are related to agricultural cycle may be known by different names in different parts of the country, but their celebration is decided by the monsoon.
• Year after year, people of India from north to south and from east to west, eagerly await the arrival of the monsoon.

Malabar Coast gets rains from South-West Monsoon Winds.

The Indian desert located in the north-western part of India experience the highest diurnal range of temperature because of the sand present there quickly becomes hot during day and cools down rapidly during night.

India have a monsoon type of climate because the climate of India is governed by the monsoon winds which are limited between 20° North and 20° South.

The elements affecting the climate are Latitude, Altitude and Pressure & Winds, distance from the sea (continentality), ocean currents and relief features.

Equable type of climate is found close to the sea.

As one goes from the surface of the earth to higher altitudes, the atmosphere becomes less dense and temperature decreases.

1. Arabian sea Branch
2. Bay of Bengal Branch

The Thar Desert experiences the highest range of temperature in a day.

Mango showers are the pre-monsoon showers taking place on the coast of Kerala and Karnataka. Since they help in the early ripening of mangoes, they are called Mango showers.

Winter rainfall is locally known as mahawat.

Assam, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andra Pradesh and etc.

It means Inter Tropical Convergence Zone. It is a broad trough of low pressure in equatorial latitude. This is where northeast and southeast trade winds converge.

The Tropic of Cancer (23° 30'N) is the imaginary line which divides India into almost two equal north and south parts.

The annual precipitation is over 400 cms in Meghalaya and less than 10 cms in Ladakh and western Rajasthan.

Tropic of Cancer.

The interior part of the country is characterised by more seasonal contrasts.

They play an important role in the cultivation of rabi crops.

Western region of Rajasthan, Jaisalmer, Barmer receives low rainfall.

The duration of the monsoon is between 100-120 days from early June to mid-September.

Loo: Uttarpradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan.

Thunderstorms are called Kaal Baisakhi in West Bengal.

The monsoon arrives at the southern tip of the Indian peninsula generally by the first week of June.

Climate regulates all because if the climate is not then our health also lies down and if the climate is good then our living standard also increases.

An easterly jet stream, called the sub-tropical easterly jetstream blows over peninsular India, approximately over 14°N during the summer months.

Jet streams are a narrow belt of high attitude (above 12,000m) westerly winds in the troposphere. Their speed varies from about 110km hr in summer to about 184km/ hr in winter.

In some parts of Rajasthan the highest temperature is 50°C and it is around-45°C at Drass in Jammu and Kashmir.

The Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is a broad trough of low pressure in equatorial latitudes. This is where the north-east and the south-east trade winds converge.

Coastal areas experience less seasonal contrasts in temperature conditions.

The Western cyclonic disturbances are weather phenomena of the winter months brought in by the westerly flow from the Mediterranean region.

The found tropical climate in India.

Mango showers: Karnataka, Kerala.

SO means Southern Oscillation. Normally when the tropical eastern South Pacific ocean experiences high pressure, the tropical eastern Indian ocean experiences low pressure. This periodic change in pressure conditions is known as Southern Oscillation.

The north-eastern part of India receives the maximum rainfall during the rainy season.

The cold weather season begins in mid-November in northern India.

The maritime climate in Kerala is due to its closeness or proximity to the Arabian sea.

The presence of the high pressure area, east of Madagascar approximately at 20°S over the Indian Ocean, its intensity and the position of this high pressure area also affects the Indian monsoon.

In peninsular India, temperature remains lower due to the moderating influence of the oceans.

Temperature, atmospheric pressure, winds, humidity and precipitation are the elements of weather and climate.

The thunderstorms are associated with violent winds, torrential downpours, often accompanied by hail.

Mumbai, since it is located very close to the Arabian sea.

Maswsynram and Cherrapunji.

The monsoon rains take place only for a few days at a time. They are interspersed with rainless intervals. These are 'breaks' in monsoon.

The North West region and part of Ladakh receives less rainfall.

Mango showers are common in Kerala and Karnataka. These showers help in the early ripening of mangoes.

1. Latitude.
2. Altitude.
3. Pressure and wind system.
4. Distance from the sea.
5. Ocean currents.
6. Relief features.

Around the time of the monsoon's arrival, the normal rainfall increases suddenly and continues constantly for several days. This is known as the 'burst' of the monsoon.

1. Clear sky.
2. Low temperature and low humidity.

By the beginning of October, the monsoon withdraws from the northern plains of India.

The leeward side of mountains remains relatively dry.