Frame any two food chain patterns from the given organisms. Each chain must contain a minimum of four organisms. Diatoms, Hawk, Rabbit, Vallisneria Stoke, guppies, grass, snake, large fishes, grasshopper, crane.
According to ten percent law, how many Joules of energy does the individuals at the fourth tropic level will receive; if the individuals at first trophic level receives 1000 Joules of energy?
Answer
Organism at T4 level will receive 0.1 Joule of energy as per ten percent law.
Nutrients are retained in the ecosystem. Discuss how and name the process through which it is achieved?
Answer
Nutrients will retain in the ecosystem through biogeo chemical cycles. Various nutrients present in soil and atmosphere enter the organism at various trophic levels through food and other process and are cycled back to their origin. Thus the nutrients are not lost but retained in the ecosystem.
Ecosystem management is a process that integrates ecological, socio-economic and institutional factors into a comprehensive strategy in order to sustain and enhance the quality of the ecosystem to meet current and future needs
Ecosystem is damaged by disturbances from fire, flood, predation, infection and drought, etc. removing a great amount of biomass. However, the ecosystem is endowed with the ability to resist the damage and recover quickly. This ability of an ecosystem is called ecosystem resilience or ecosystem robustness.
Seagrasses and mangroves of Estuarine and coastal ecosystems are the most efficient in carbon sequestration. Hence, these ecosystems are called “Blue carbon ecosystems”.
A graphical representation of the amount of organic material (biomass) present at each successive trophic level in an ecosystem is called pyramid of biomass.
Why do we obtain an inverted pyramid in a parasite ecosystem?
Answer
The pyramid of number in a parasite ecosystem is always inverted, because it starts with a single tree. Therefore there is gradual increase in the number of organisms in successive trophic levels from producer to tertiary consumers.
The interlocking pattern of a number of food chain form a web-like arrangement called food web. It is the basic unit of an ecosystem, to maintain its stability in nature.
The movement of energy from producers upto top carnivores is known as food chain, i.e., in any food chain, energy flows from producers to primary consumers, then from primary consumers to secondary consumers, and finally secondary consumers to tertiary consumers. Hence, it shows linear network links.
Ten percent law states that during transfer of food energy from one trophic level to other, only about 10% stored at every level and rest of them (90%) is lost in respiration, decomposition and in the form of heat.
First law of thermodynamics states that energy can be transmitted from one system to another in various forms. Energy cannot be destroyed or created. But it can be transformed from one form to another. As a result, the quantity of energy present in the universe is constant.
The transfer of energy in an ecosystem between trophic levels can be termed as energy flow. It is the key function in an ecosystem. Energy flow is always unidirectional in an ecosystem.
Name the category of organisms that occupy the first tropic level (T1) and fourth tropic level (T4) in an ecosystem.
Answer
Producers (autotrophs) occupy the first tropic level (T4) whereas the fourth tropic level (T4) is occupied by Tertiary Consumers (Secondary carnivore).
Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) is the total amount of food energy or organic matter or biomass produced in an ecosystem by autotrophs through the process of photosynthesis is called gross primary productivity.
Grey carbon – carbon stored in fossil fuel (coal, oil and biogas deposits in the lithosphere). Black carbon – carbon emitted from gas, diesel engine and coal fired power plants.
What do you mean by PAR? Mention its significance.
Answer
The amount of light available for photosynthesis of plants is called Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) which is between the range of 400-700 mm wave length.
The amount of living materials present in a population at any given time is known as standing crop, which may be expressed in terms of number or biomass per unit area.
Decomposers are organisms that decompose the dead plants and animals to release organic and inorganic nutrients into the environment which are again reused by plants. Example: Bacteria, Actinomycetes and Fungi.