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11. thermodynamics — Physics STD 11 Science — Question

Rajasthan BoardEnglish MediumSTD 11 SciencePhysics11. thermodynamics1 Mark
MCQ
A gas takes part in two processes in which it is heated from the same initial state $1$ to the same final temperature. The processes are shown on the $P-V$ diagram by the straight line $1-2$ and $1-3$. $2$ and $3$ are the points on the same isothermal curve. $Q_1$ and $Q_2$ are the heat transfer along the two processes. Then
  • A
    $Q_1 = Q_2$
  • ✓
    $Q_1 < Q_2$
  • C
    $Q_1 > Q_2$
  • D
    insufficient data
✓

Answer

Correct option: B.
$Q_1 < Q_2$
b
Let the volumes and temperatures of gas at points 1,2 and 3 are $V_1, T_1, V_2, T_2$ and $V _3, T _3$ respectively.

Given: $T_2=T_3$

Thus $\Delta U _1= nC _{ v }\left( T _2- T _1\right)$

Also $\Delta U _2= nC _{ v }\left( T _3- T _1\right)$

But $T _2= T _3 \Rightarrow \Delta U _1=\Delta U _2$

Work done by the gas in process 1, $W _1= nRT \ln \frac{ V _2}{ V _1}$

Also work done by gas in process $2, \quad W_2=n R T \ln \frac{V_3}{V_1}$

$V _3 > V _2 \Rightarrow W _2 > W _1$

From ist law: $\quad Q=\Delta U+W$

$\therefore \quad Q _{ I }=\Delta U _1+ W _1$

Also $\quad Q _2=\Delta U _2+ W _2$

$\therefore Q _2- Q _1= W _2- W _1>0 \quad\left(\because \Delta U _1=\Delta U _2\right)$

$\Rightarrow Q _2 > Q _1$

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