Explanation:
Rice produces carotene in the leaves but the biosynthetic pathway is turned off during plant development in grains. Transgenic rice, golden rice, were engineered by inserting two genes that restart the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway leading to the production and accumulation of carotene in the grains. These are the naturally occurring down-regulated genes. But the transgenic variety does not show down-regulation. Further, the presence of cry gene confers resistance to certain pests and insects. Therefore, the crop gives high yield while sustaining the aroma.
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$I$. Decline in death rate
$II$. Rapid increase in $MMR$ and $IMR$
$III$. Rapid decline in $MMR$ and $IMR$
$IV$. Increase in the number of people, in the reproductive age group
$V$. Rapid increase in the death rate