The Crisis of Democratic Order — Political Science STD 12 Humanities — Question

What is the full form of W.T.O.? When was it set up? How does it function?

Highlight any six negative features of the Soviet System in the erstwhile USSR.

Name one country each from the continents of America, Africa, Asia and Europe, wherein the U.N. 'Peacekeeping Operations' were administered.

Explain any three reasons that led the Cold War to an arms race as well as arms control.

Explain India’s stand on environmental issues. What steps have been suggested by India in this respect?

Describe the composition of U.N. Security Council. What is the major difference in the privileges given to its permanent and non permanent members.

Read the passage and answer questions below:…., nearly all ‘new social movements’ have emerged as corrective to new maladies – environmental degradation, violation of the status of women, destruction of tribal cultures and the undermining of human rights – none of which are in and by themselves transformative of the social order. They are in that way quite different from revolutionary ideologies of the past. But their weakness lies in their being so heavily fragmented. …… …. …….a large part of the space occupied by the new social movements seem to be suffering from .. various characteristics which have prevented them from being relevant to the truly oppressed and the poor in the form of a solid unified movement of the people. They are too fragmented, reactive, ad hocish, providing no comprehensive framework of basic social change. Their being anti-this or that (antiWest, anti-capitalist, anti-development, etc) does not make them any more coherent, any more relevant to oppressed and peripheralized communities. — RAJNI KOTHARI

1. What is the difference between new social movements and revolutionary ideologies?
2. What according to the author are the limitations of social movements?
3. If social movements address specific issues, would you say that they are ‘fragmented’ or that they are more focused? Give reasons for your answer by giving examples.

What are the economic implications of globalisation? How has globalisation impacted on India with regard to this particular dimension?

Explain the importance and role of the concept ‘Common but Differentiated Responsibility’ pertaining to the environment.

Describe any three new sources of threat under the non-traditional concept of security, giving examples for each.