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Answer the following questions:

1. The figure given alongside illustrates the first ionization enthalpies of first, second and third series of transition elements. Answer the question that follows:
2. Which series amongst the first, second and third series of transition elements have the highest first ionization enthalpy and why?
3. Separation of lanthanoid elements is difficult. Explain.
4. $Sm^{2+}, Eu^{2+}$ and $Yb^{2+}$ ions in solutions are good reducing agents but an aqueous solution of $Ce^{4+}$ is a good oxidising agent. Why?