Zaheer-ud-din-Mohammad $($Babur$)$ established the Mughal dynasty in India by defeating Ibrahim Lodi, the last sultan of the Lodi dynasty, in the first battle of Panipat in $1526.$
$1.$ Birth and coronation: Zaheer-ud-Din Muhammad, the founder of the Mughal dynasty, was born on February $14, 1483.$
His father, Sheikh Mirza, was the fourth descendant of the famous world champion Taimur Lung, and the ruler of the small kingdom of Farghana.
His mother Kutlug Nigar Khan was a descendant of Genghis Khan.
That is why his career shows the courage and strength of the Turks and the cruelty of the Mughals.
Muhammad got the nickname "Babur" $($Tiger$)$ from Yunus Khan and it became popular.
When Umar Sheikh Mirza died in an unexpected accident in $1494, 11-$year$-$old Babur got the throne of Ferghana.
Taking advantage of his young age, his uncles and aunts attacked Farghana.
In addition, Ferghana was to be protected from the invasion of Uzbek tribes.
Babur bravely took up both these responsibilities and made the name Babur meaningful.
$2.$ First Battle of Panipat: In $1526,$ Babur invaded India and was resisted by the last Sultan Ibrahim Lodi of the Lodi dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate.
Both the armies also encamped at the famous plain of Panipat.
The war began on April $21, 1526.$
Babur was an experienced soldier.
His army, however, was much smaller.
Ibrahim Lodi on the opposite side was inexperienced.
His soldiers were mercenaries.
Babur's troops were tightened.
He had unwavering courage.
Babur was the first to use artillery and artillery in this war.
His army fired artillery from three directions and by noon Babur was completely victorious.
Ibrahim Lodi died in this battle.
Babur established the Mughal dynasty on the throne of Delhi in $1526.$
$3.$ Babur's career in India: The Afghans who invited Babur to invade India believed that Babur, like his ancestor Taimur, would continue to plunder Delhi and return.
But Babur declared his determination to settle in India.
Thus it became clear to the Rajput kings that they had no choice but to fight the last battle for the ambition to establish a state in Delhi.
$4.$ Battle of Khanwa against the Rajputs: At this time Rana Sangram Singh of Mewar was the leader of the Rajputs under whose leadership a powerful union of Rajputs was formed.
Babur called this war "Jihad".
On the other hand, the Rajput Sangh, with the help of Muslim amirs, prepared to resist the common enemy of the motherland.
In $1527,$ heavy fighting took place at Khanna.
The Rajputs showed a high spirit of adventure, heroism and sacrifice. But the Rajputs could not withstand the onslaught of high-powered weapons and cannons.
This led to the complete victory of Babur.
$5.$ Gogra's war against the Afghans: Taking advantage of the fact that Babur was engaged in war with the Rajputs, the Afghans established their power in Bihar.
Babur marched towards the Afghans after subduing the Rajputs.
Some Afghans surrendered while Babur was defeated by the rest of the Afghans at the Battle of Gogra in $1528.$
Thus, Babur increased the prestige and power of the Mughal dynasty by gaining a lot of real territory in and around Delhi.
$6.$ Death of Babur: He could not live long enough to enjoy the state he got.
Paravar fell ill due to hardships and disasters, constant wars, wandering and addictions.
When he died in $1530,$ Humayun succeeded him.
$7.$ Babur's place in history: Evaluating Babur's personality, historian Havel writes that Babur's charming personality, artistic nature and exciting career make him one of the most fascinating figures in the history of Islam.
Babur fulfilled his ambition with strong will, untiring diligence, indomitable zeal and self-confidence.
In addition to physical strength, mental strength was predominant in him.
He was an adventurous, valiant, experienced, efficient and capable general.
Babur's speech and behavior inspire devotion and faith in chiefs and soldiers.
He was a loving father, a kind owner, a devoted friend and a mortal enemy.
In addition to being a winner, Babur was also a writer, poet and critic.
Babur wrote it in Turkish as a "collection of poetry" in a fluid and beautiful style.
Babur's autobiography "Tuz-ke-Babri" is considered by history to be the only authentic historian in all of Asia.
Babur's sincerity and openness are clearly seen in this book. Through this autobiography, his personality emerges as a strong believer in God, a goal-oriented humorist, a lover of learning and a cultured man.