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Chemical Equilibrium — Chemistry STD 11 Science — Question

Maharashtra BoardEnglish MediumSTD 11 ScienceChemistryChemical Equilibrium4 Marks
Question
By using Le Chatelier’s principle, explain the effect of change in pressure (due to volume change) on the composition of equilibrium mixture.
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Answer

Change in pressure:
i. The change in pressure has no effect on the concentrations of solids and liquids. However, it appreciably affects the concentrations of gases.
From the ideal gas equation, $PV = nRT$ or $P =\frac{ n }{ V } R T$
$\therefore P \propto \frac{ n }{ V }$
where, the ratio $n / V$ is an expression for the concentration of the gas in $mol dm ^{-3}$.
ii. According to Le Chatelier's principle at constant temperature, when pressure is increased, the equilibrium will shift in a direction in which the number of molecules decreases and when the pressure is decreased the equilibrium will shift in a direction in which the number of molecules increases.
[Note: For a reaction in which decrease in volume takes place, the reaction will be favoured by increasing pressure and for a reaction in which increase in volume takes place, the reaction will be favoured with lowering pressure, temperature being constant.]

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