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Metals and Non-Metals — Science STD 10 — Question

Maharashtra BoardEnglish MediumSTD 10ScienceMetals and Non-Metals3 Marks
Question
Describe how sodium and chlorine atoms are changed into ions when they react with each other to form sodium chloride, $NaCl.$ What is the name given to this type of bonding$? ($At. No of sodium $= 11;$ At. No. of chlorine $= 17)$
✓

Answer

The atomic number of sodium is $11,$ so its electronic configuration is $2, 8, 1$. Sodium atom has only $1$ electron in its outermost shell. So, the sodium atom donates one electron $($to a chlorine atom$) $ and forms a sodium ion, $Na^+.$ The atomic number of chlorine is $17,$ so its electronic configuration is $2, 8, 7$. Chlorine atom has $7$ electrons in its outermost shell and needs $1$ more electron to achieve the stable $8-$electron inert gas configuration. So, a chlorine atom takes one electron $($from the sodium atom$)$ and forms a negatively charged chloride ion, $Cl^- $ This type of bonding is called ionic bonding.

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