Question
Describe the $IUPAC$ rules of naming organic compounds.
✓
Answer
IUPAC nomenclature system: International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) put forth a nomenclature system based on the structure of the compounds and it was accepted all over the world. There are three units in the IUPAC name of any carbon compound: parent, suffix and prefix. These are arranged in the name as follows: Prefix-parent-suffix:
An IUPAC name is given to a compound on the basis of the name of its parent alkane. The name of the compound is constructed by attaching appropriate suffix and prefix to the name of the parent-alkane. The steps in the IUPAC nomenclature of straight chain compounds are as follows: Step 1: Draw the structural formula of the straight chain compound and count the number of carbon atoms in it. The alkane with the same number of carbon atoms is the parent alkane of the concerned compound. Write the name of this alkane. In case the carbon chain of concerned compound contains a double bond, change the ending of the parent name from ‘ane’ to ‘ene’. If the carbon chain in the concerned compound contains a triple bond, change the ending of the parent name from ‘ane’ to ‘yne’.
An IUPAC name is given to a compound on the basis of the name of its parent alkane. The name of the compound is constructed by attaching appropriate suffix and prefix to the name of the parent-alkane. The steps in the IUPAC nomenclature of straight chain compounds are as follows: Step 1: Draw the structural formula of the straight chain compound and count the number of carbon atoms in it. The alkane with the same number of carbon atoms is the parent alkane of the concerned compound. Write the name of this alkane. In case the carbon chain of concerned compound contains a double bond, change the ending of the parent name from ‘ane’ to ‘ene’. If the carbon chain in the concerned compound contains a triple bond, change the ending of the parent name from ‘ane’ to ‘yne’.
| Sr. No. | Structural formula | Straight chain | Parent name |
| $1.$ | $CH_3– CH_2– CH_3$ | $C – C – C$ | propane |
| $2.$ | $CH_3– CH_2– OH$ | $C – C$ | ethane |
| $3.$ | $CH_3– CH_2– COOH$ | $C – C – C$ | propane |
| $4.$ | $CH_3– CH_2– CH_2– CHO$ | $C – C – C – C$ | butane |
| $5.$ | $CH_3– CH = CH_2$ | $C – C = C$ | propene |
| $6.$ | $CH_3– C ≡ CH$ | $C – C ≡ C$ | propyne |
Need a full question paper?
Generate a complete, print-ready paper with questions like this in minutes — across 16+ boards, with answer keys.
Explore more
Similar questions
the role of anomalous behaviour of water in preserving aquatic life in regions of cold climate?
Explain the following terms with example: Unsaturated hydrocarbons.
What do we learn from the story of Jadav Molai Peyang?
Explain why, despite good rains, we are not able to meet the demand for water of all the people in our country.
Explain Bayer’s process.
Sketch, labell and classify: Pigeon.
Metal $A$ burns in air, on heating, to form an oxide $A_2O_3$ whereas another metal $B$ burns in air only on strong heating to form an oxide $BO.$ The two oxides $A_2O_3$ and $BO$ can react with hydrochloric acid as well as sodium hydroxide solution to form the corresponding salts and water.
→- What is the nature of oxide $A_2O_3?$
- What is the nature of oxide $BO?$
- Name one metal like $A.$
- Name one metal like $B.$
Explain the difference between each of the following pairs of terms:
- Receptor and effector.
- Cerebrum and cerebellum.
State one use each of the following metals:
Copper, Aluminium, Iron, Silver, Gold, Mercury
Copper, Aluminium, Iron, Silver, Gold, Mercury