Attitude And Social Cognition — Psychology STD 12 Humanities — Question

Impression formation and attribution are influenced by:

• The nature of information available to the perceiver.
• Social schemas in the perceiver (including stereotypes).
• Personality characteristics of the perceiver.
• Situational factors.

The process of impression formation - gets influenced by these factors also which is in turn influenced by.

• Primacy effect.
• Recency effect.
• Halo effect.

Attribution that a person makes for his/her own positive and negative experiences (actor role) and the attribution he/she makes for another person's positive and negative experiences (observer role) is called actor-observer effect, but criteria of attribution become different. When individual attributes his/her own success, he/she emphasises internal factors, but for failures external factors.
Whereas he/she attributes success of others giving emphasis to external factors and for failures to the internal factors.