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Molecular Basis of Inheritance — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

Maharashtra BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceBIOLOGYMolecular Basis of Inheritance4 Marks
Question
Distinguish between: Euchromatin and Heterochromatin.
✓

Answer

EuchromatinHeterochromatin.
1. Euchromatin is loosely packed region of the chromatain.1. Heterochromatin is densely packed region of the chromatin.
2. Euchromatin stains lightly.2. Heterochromatin stains darkly.
3. Euchromatin is transcriptionally active region of the chromatin.3. Heterochromatin is transcriptionally inactive region of the chromatin.

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Similar questions

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
ABO blood groups in human beings are controlled by the gene. The gene I has three alleles. $I^A, I^B$ and $i$. Since there are three different alleles six different genotypes are possible. If two persons with 'AB' blood group marry and have sufficient large number of children, there children could be classified as 'A: blood group : 'AB' blood group : B blood group in $1 : 2 : 1$ ratio. Modern technique of protein electrophoresis reveals presence of both 'A and 'B' type proteins in 'AB' blood group individuals.
  1. How many types of phenotypes can occur in ABO blood group?
  1. Six
  2. Two
  3. Three
  4. Four
  1. ABO blood grouping in human beings cites the example of.
  1. Incomplete dominance.
  2. Co-dominance.
  3. Multiple allelism.
  4. both (b) an (c).
  1. The presence of both 'X and 'B' type proteins in 'AB' blood group individuals is an example of.
  1. Partial dominance.
  2. Incomplete dominance.
  3. Co-dominanc.
  4. complete dominance.
  1. If a man of A blood group marries a woman of AB blood group. Which type of progeny indicates that man is heterozygous?
  1. O
  2. B
  3. A
  4. AB
  1. Complete the given table regarding different possibilities and their corresponding blood groups.
Genotypes
Blood group
$I^AI^B$
$(I)$
$I^B i, (II)$
$B$
$(III)$
$O$
$I^A I^A, (IV)$
$I^A$
 
 
(I)
(II)
(III)
(IV)
(a)
O
$I^B I^B$
$I^B i$
$I^A i$
(b)
AB
$I^A i$
$I^A I^B$
$IBi$
(c)
AB
$I^B I^B$
$ii$
$I^A i$
(d)
O
$I^A I^A$
$ii$
$I^A i$
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Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
Riya studies in 11 standard in a government school. She belongs to a backward family and her parents did not get her properly vaccinated according to immunisation programme. Once while playing in school playground she fell down due to weakness and developed high fever, headache and stiffness in her neck. identify the illness she could be suffering from and answer the following questions.
  1. The microbe responsible for Riya's illness could be.
  1. Vibrio cholerae
  2. Enterovirus
  3. Plasmodium
  4. Mycobacteriurn.
  1. Which vaccine, if administered earlier, would have saved Riya from the illness she unfortunately contracted?
  1. Salk vaccine
  2. MMR vaccine
  3. BCG vaccine
  4. Varicella vaccine
  1. The disease that Riya has contracted spreads through.
  1. Bite of an infected mosquito
  2. Bite of an infected dog
  3. Faecal oral route
  4. Direct contact with the infected person.
  1. Riya can spread her illness to other children through.
  1. Her faeces
  2. Direct contact
  3. Coughing and sneezing in open
  4. Vectors.
  1. Assertion: Polio produces inflammation of the nervous system.
Reason : Stiffness of the neck, paralysis of particular skeletal muscle, is an important symptom of polio.
  1. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
  2. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
  3. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
  4. Both assertion and reason are false.
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Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
The process of translation requires transfer of genetic information from a polymer of nucleotides to synthesise a polymer of amino acids. The relationship between the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide and nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA is called genetic code. George Gamow suggested that in order to code for all the 20 amino acids, code should be made up of three nucleotides.
  1. What is a codon?
  1. A length of DNA which codes for a particular protein.
  2. A part of the tRNA molecule to which a specific amino acid is attached.
  3. A part of the tRNA molecule which recognises the triplet code on the messenger RNA.
  4. A part of the messenger RNA molecule that has a sequence of bases coding for an amino acid.
  1. Three consecutive bases in the DNA molecule provide the code for each amino acid in a protein molecule. What is the maximum number of different triplets that could occurs?
  1. 16
  2. 20
  3. 24
  4. 64
  1. Listed below are some amino acids and their corresponding mRNA triplets.
Amino acid
mRNA triplet
Phenylalanine
UUU
Lysine
AAG
Arginine
CGA
Alanine
GCA
Which DNA sequence would be needed to produce the following polypeptide sequence? Alanine-Arginine-Lysine-Phenylalanine
  1. $\text{CGT}\ \ \ \text{GCT}\ \ \ \text{TTC}\ \ \ \text{AAA}$
  2. $\text{CGT}\ \ \ \text{GCT}\ \ \ \text{TTC}\ \ \ \text{TTT}$
  3. $\text{CGU}\ \ \ \text{GCU}\ \ \ \text{UUC}\ \ \ \text{AAA}$
  4. $\text{CGU}\ \ \ \text{GCU}\ \ \ \text{UUC}\ \ \ \text{TTT}$
  1. Identify the non-sense codons among the following.
  1. AUG
  2. GUG
  3. UAA
  4. UGG
  1. A polypeptide is made using synthetic mRNA molecules as shown.
Synthetic mRNA used
Polypeptide produced
UUUAAAUUUAAA
Phenylalanine-Iysine-phenylalanine-Iysine
What are the DNA codes for the amino acids phenylalanine and lysine?
S.no
Phenylalanine
Lysine
(a)
AAA
TTT
(b)
AAA
UUU
(c)
GGG
CCC
(d)
TTT
GGG
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