Question
Evaluate the following integrals:
$\int\limits^{\frac{\pi}{4}}_{-\frac{\pi}{4}}\frac{\cos^{2}\text{x}}{1+\text{e}^{\text{x}}}\text{ dx}$
$\int\limits^{\frac{\pi}{4}}_{-\frac{\pi}{4}}\frac{\cos^{2}\text{x}}{1+\text{e}^{\text{x}}}\text{ dx}$
$\int\limits_{\text{a}}^{\text{b}}\text{f}\text{(x)}\text{dx}=\int\limits_{\text{a}}^{\text{b}}\text{f}(\text{a}+\text{b}-\text{x})\text{dx}$
Hence,
$\int\limits_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\frac{\cos^2\text{x}}{1+\text{e}^\text{x}}\text{dx}=\int\limits_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\frac{\cos^2\text{(-x)}}{1+\text{e}^\text{-x}}\text{dx}$
$\int\limits_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\frac{\cos^2\text{x}}{1+\text{e}^\text{x}}\text{dx}=\int\limits_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\frac{\cos^2\text{x}}{1+\text{e}^\text{-x}}\text{dx}$
If,
$\text{I}=\int\limits_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\frac{\cos^2\text{x}}{1+\text{e}^\text{x}}\text{dx}$
Then
$\text{I}=\int\limits_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\frac{\cos^2\text{x}}{1+\text{e}^\text{x}}\text{dx}$
So,
$2\text{I}=\int\limits_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\frac{\cos^2\text{x}}{1+\text{e}^\text{x}}+\frac{\cos^2\text{x}}{1+\text{e}^\text{-x}}\text{dx}$
$2\text{I}=\int\limits_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\frac{\cos^2\text{x}}{1+\text{e}^\text{x}}+\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}\cos^2\text{x}}{1+\text{e}^\text{-x}}\text{dx}$
$2\text{I}=\int\limits_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\frac{(1+\text{e}^\text{x})\cos^2\text{x}}{1+\text{e}^\text{x}}$
$2\text{I}=\int\limits_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\cos^2\text{x}\text{dx}$
$2\text{I}=\int\limits_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\frac{1+\cos2\text{x}}{2}\text{dx}$
$\text{I}=\int\limits_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\frac{1}{4}\bigg\{\text{x}+\frac{\sin2\text{x}}{2}\bigg\}^\frac{\pi}{2}_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}$
$\text{I}=\frac{1}{4}\bigg\{\bigg(\frac{\pi}{2}\bigg)-\bigg(-\frac{\pi}{2}\bigg)\bigg\} $
$\text{I}=\frac{\pi}{4}$
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