Question
Explain the administration of the Chola kings.

Answer

The Chola rule is a shining example of India's medieval history in terms of administration.
  • According to Dr. V.A Smith, a strong and well-organized central administration is a unique achievement of the Chola dynasty.
  • Central Administration: The king had supreme and central authority in the Chola administration.
  • Yuvraj was helping the king in administration.
  • Instead of a cabinet, the government officials were under the control of the king for administrative purposes.
  • They were given land prizes instead of cash wages.
  • The king's verbal commands and personal secretary would write them down and carry them out properly.
  • Regional Administration: The Chola state was divided into several divisions for ease of administration.
  • The divisions of the Mandal were known as Kottam or Valanadu $($province$)$, Nadu $($district$)$, Kurm $($taluka$)$ and village respectively.
  • Princes were often appointed as the head of the congregation.
  • The Chola regime was characterized by its autonomous institutions.
  • Each congregation had a “meeting place” of people.
  • In addition, the people of "Nadu" had a meeting called "Nattar".
  • In the town there was a meeting of merchants called "Nagartar".
  • The masses were important institutions such as the "series" and the "pug".
  • All these organizations were consulted in the administration.
  • Village Administration: There were institutions called "Ur" and "Sabha" for village administration.
  • "Ur" was a common village organization.
  • While "Sabha" was an organization of Agrahar villages $($villages donated to Brahmins$)$.
  • These bodies administered the village independently, under the supervision of state officials.
  • Various committees were formed for village functions.
  • Expenditure on civilian and military systems, town planning, temples, roads, irrigation and public works was recovered from land revenue and commercialization.
  • The Chola kings did their duty by digging canals from the Kaveri river and providing irrigation facilities to the farmers.
  • The position of the trading industry for the production and sale of various commodities was of a prosperous standard.
  • The textile and metal industries were prevalent.
  • Established trade relations with China, Malaya, Iran and the islands of the East.

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