After Harshavardhana, Varanasi in North India and Mathura, Madurai and Arikamedu in South India were major centers of trade and industry.
Tamralipti in Bengal and Kaveripattanam in the south were rich ports.
These ports were used to export Indian goods to Iran, China, Southeast Asian countries, Central Asian countries and Western countries.
Traders here traded with distant lands by land and sea.
Valabhi, Bharuch, Dwarka, Prabhaspatan, Stambhatirtha $($Khambhat$)$ etc. were the main trading centers of Gujarat.
The ports here exported textiles, leather, spices, sugar, gum, googles, lacquers, etc., and the merchants made a lot of money.
Gold, silver, copper etc. were imported from abroad.
Gujarati traders like Jagadusha had a large trade in Iran and other countries.
Means of transportation include elephants, horses, carts, holi etc.
The Vanzara people were engaged in the business of transportation.
Weighing instruments used "Pali", "Pavala" and "Mana".
Gold had "weight" and liquids had "clock" weights.
Transactions took place through the exchange system.
Coins called "drums" were used for money.