Question
Explain the factors which necessiated systematic accounting.

Answer

Main purpose of accounting is to provide information to a variety of users for taking various decisions. Hence the information should have the quality of reliability, understandability and comparability which is possible only if the accounting is carried out systematically i.e. based on principles and rules of accounting. Further, the role of accounting has been changing with the changes in economic development and increasing social demands, which requires analyses of accounting data and preparation of reports. Systematic recording is also needed for assessment of various taxes such as Goods and Service Tax (GST), Income Tax etc.

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Enter the following transactions in proper Subsidiary Books, post them into Ledger Accounts, balance the accounts and prepare a Trial Balance:
2017  
Jan. 1 Assets: Cash in hand ₹ 20,000; Debtors: Sri Gopal ₹ 15,000, Poonam & Co. ₹ 30,000; Stock ₹ 1,75,000, Machinery ₹ 1,20,000; Furniture ₹ 40,000
Liabilities: Bank Overdraft ₹ 33,000; Creditors: Niranjan Lal ₹ 24,000, Bombay Trading Co. ₹ 16,000
Jan. 2 Purchased from Manohar Lal & Sons goods of the list price of ₹ 20,000 at 10% trade discount
Jan. 5 Returned to Manohar Lal & sons goods of the list price of ₹ 2,000
Jan. 10 Issued a Cheque to Manohar Lal & Sons in full settlement of their account
Jan. 12 Sold to Sri Gopal, goods worth ₹ 25,000
Jan. 15 Received Cash ₹ 10,000 and a Cheque for ₹ 8,000 from Sir Gopal. The Cheque was immediately sent to bank
Jan. 16 Withdrew for personal use: Cash ₹ 5,000 and goods ₹ 3,000
Jan. 17 Accepted a bill for 45 days drawn by Niranjan Lal for the amount due to him
Jan. 18 Acceptance received from Poonam & Co. for the amount due from them payable after 30 days
Jan. 19 Sold to Raghubir Brothers, goods valued ₹ 16,000
Jan. 20 Cash purchases ₹ 15,000
Jan. 22 Withdrew from bank fo office use ₹ 10,000
Jan. 23 Purchased from Bombay Trading Co., goods valued ₹ 24,000
Jan. 24 Sri Gopal returned goods worth ₹ 2,000
Jan. 25 Received from Raghubir Brothers ₹ 10,000
Jan. 27 Accepted a bill for ₹ 25,000 for 1 month drawn by Bombay Trading Co
Jan. 27 Paid Rent by Cheque ₹ 2,800
Received Commission in Cash ₹ 800
Jan. 31 Paid salaries ₹ 5,000
Fill in the missing information in the following Rectifying Journal Entries:
Enter the following transactions in the 'Journal Proper' of Karuna Stores:
March 1 Purchased furniture on credit from Kuber Furniture Store for ₹ 15,000.
March 5 Goods for ₹ 6,000 given away as charity.
March 12 Goods worth ₹ 8,000 and Cash ₹ 4,000 were stolen by an employee.
March 15 Arun who owed us ₹ 20,000 was declared insolvent and nothing was received from him.
March 18 Proprietor withdrew for his personal use cash ₹ 5,000 and goods worth ₹ 10,000.
March 31 Provide interest on capital of ₹ 5,00,000 at 6% p.a. for full year.
March 31 Out of the rent paid this year, ₹ 5,000 is related to the next year.
March 31 Salaries due to clerks ₹ 12,000.
On Feb 01, 2016, John purchased goods for ₹ 15,000 from Jimmi. He immediately made a payment of ₹ 5,000 by cheque and for the balance accepted the bill of exchange drawn upon him by Jimmi. The bill of exchange was payable after 40 days. Five days before the maturity of the bill, Jimmi sent the same to his bank for collection. The bank duly presented the bill to John on the due date who met the bill. The bank informed the same to Jimmi. Prepare John’s account in the books of Jimmi and Jimmi account in the books of John.
Rectify the following errors assuming that suspension account was opened. Ascertain the difference in trial balance.
  1. Furniture purchased for ₹ 10,000 wrongly debited to purchase account as ₹ 4,000.
  2. Machinery purchased on credit from Raman for ₹ 20,000 recorded through Purchases Book as ₹ 6,000.
  3. Repairs on machinery ₹ 1,400 debited to Machinery account as ₹ 2,400.
  4. Repairs on overhauling of second hand machinery purchased Rs. 2,000 was debited to Repairs account as ₹ 200.
  5. Sale of old machinery at book value ₹ 3,000 was credited to sales account as ₹ 5,000.
Record the following transactions of Keshav Bros. in the proper books:
2017
 
Jan. 1
 
Assets: Cash in hand ₹ 8,500; Cash at Bank ₹ 1,40,000; Stock of goods ₹ 2,20,000; Due from Manohar Lal ₹ 30,000 and Deep Chand ₹ 24,000; Furniture and Equipment ₹ 3,00,000.
Liabilities: Due to Sunil ₹ 15,000.
Jan. 2
Withdrawn from bank ₹ 20,000.
Jan. 4
Paid salaries ₹ 22,000.
Jan. 6
 
 
 
 
Sold goods to Surya Narain:
60 metres silk @ ₹ 150 per metre
100 metres cotton @ ₹ 70 per metre
Less: Trade Discount @ $12\frac{1}{2}\%$
Jan. 8
Surya Narain returned 40 metres Cotton.
Jan. 9
Received full payment from Manohar Lal by cheque, sent it to bank, Discount allowed 3%.
Jan. 10
 
 
 
 
Purchased from Ganga Parshad:
300 metres cotton @ ₹ 60 per metre
500 metres silk @ ₹ 120 per metre
Less: Trade Discount 10%.
Jan. 12
Sold goods to Vinita for cash ₹ 16,000.
Jan. 13
Accepted a bill for ₹ 25,000 for 30 days drawn by Ganga Parshad.
Jan. 15
Gave cheque to Ganga Parshad for ₹ 45,000, discount allowed by him ₹ 200.
Jan. 18
Paid to Sunil ₹ 14,850 after receiving discount of 1%.
Jan. 20
Mr. Keshav Chand took away 5 metres silk costing ₹ 100 per metre for his personal use.
Jan. 24
Paid rent by cheque ₹ 2,000.
Jan. 25
Received from Surya Narain ₹ 11,000 in full settlement of his account.
Jan. 27
Old newspapers sold for cash ₹ 400.
Jan. 27
Paid for stationery and postage ₹ 500.
Jan. 28
Sold 400 metres silk @ ₹ 160 per metre to Sh. Ganesh Chand.
Jan. 31
Received cash ₹ 40,000 from Sh. Ganesh Chand and also received a B/R from him for the balance amount due from him for 2 months.
Raghunath had the following transactions in an accounting year:
  1. Commenced business with cash ₹ 50,000.
  2. Paid into bank ₹ 10,000.
  3. Purchased goods for cash ₹ 20,000 and credit ₹ 30,000.
  4. Sold goods for cash ₹ 40,000 costing ₹ 30,000.
  5. Rent paid ₹ 500.
  6. Rent outstanding ₹ 100.
  7. Bought furniture ₹ 5,000 on credit.
  8. Bought refrigerator for personal use ₹ 5,000.
  9. Purchased motorcycle for cash ₹ 20,000.
Create an Accounting Equation to show the effect of the above and also show his Balance Sheet.
What is a Bank Reconciliation Statement? Explain any four points regarding need and importance of preparing a Bank Reconciliation Statement.
On 1st June, 2010, Kedarnath Ltd. purchased a machinery for ₹ 27,00,000. Depreciation is provided @ 10% p.a. on diminishing balance method and the books are closed on 31st March each year. On 1st October, 2012, a part of the machinery purchased on 1st June, 2010 for ₹ 6,00,000 was sold for ₹ 3,50,000 and on the same date another machinery was purchased for ₹ 8,00,000. You are required to show (i) Machinery A/c, (ii) Provision for Dep. A/c, and (iii) Machinery Disposal A/c.
Draw Bank Reconciliation Statement showing adjustment between your Cash Book and Pass Book as on 31st March, 2011.
  1. On 31st March, 2011 your pass book showed a balance of ₹ 6,000 to your credit.
  2. Before that date, you had issued cheques amounting to ₹ 1,500 of which cheques of ₹ 900 have been presented for payment.
  3. A cheque of ₹ 800 paid by you into the bank on 29th March, 2011 is not yet credited in pass book.
  4. There was a credit of ₹ 85 for interest on Current Account in the pass book.
  5. On 31st March, 2011 a cheque for ₹ 510 received by you and was paid into bank but the same was omitted to be entered in cash book.