Question
Explain the oxidation of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols.

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How is osmotic pressure determined by Berkeley-Hartley method ?
Explain in detail the changing oxidation states of the elements of d group (transition elements) in the context of 3d series.
Match the property given in Column $I$ with the element given in Column $II.$
 
Column $I ($Property$)$
 
Column $II ($Element$)$
$(i)$
Lanthanoid which shows $+4$ oxidation state
$(a)$ $Pm$
$(ii)$
Lanthanoid which can show $+2$ oxidation state
$(b)$ $Ce$
$(iii)$
Radioactive lanthanoid
$(c)$ $Lu$
$(iv)$
Lanthanoid which has $4f^7$ electronic configuration in $+3$ oxidation state
$(d)$ $Eu$
$(v)$
 Lanthanoid which has $4f^{14}$ electronic configuration in $+3$ oxidation state
$(e)$ $Gd$
 
 
$(f)$ $Dy$
Explain the various methods of preparation of $CHCl _3$ and its chemical properties.
Match the laws given in Column I with expresions given in Column II.
  Column I   Column II
i. Raoult’s law a. $\Delta\text{T}_\text{f}=\text{K}_\text{f}\text{m}$
ii. Henry’s law b. $\pi=\text{CRT}$
iii. Elevation of boiling point c. $\text{p}=\text{x}_1\text{p}^0_1+\text{x}_2\text{p}^0_2$
iv. Depression in freezing point d. $\Delta\text{T}_\text{b}=\text{K}_\text{b}\text{m}$
v. Osmotic pressure e. $\text{p}=\text{K}_\text{H}\cdot\text{x}$
Answer the following question:
$g$ of benzoic acid $(C_6H_5COOH)$ dissolved in $25g$ of benzene shows a depression in freezing point equal to $1.62K.$ Molal depression constant for benzene is $4.9K \ kg\ mol^{-1}.$ What is the percentage association of acid if it forms dimer in solution$?$
  1. When $2.56\ g$ of sulphur was dissolved in $100\ g$ of $CS_2,$ the freezing point lowered by $0.383\ K.$ Calculate the formula of sulphur $(S_x).$
$(K_f$ for $CS_2 = 3.83 K \ kg\ mol^{–1},$ Atomic mass of Sulphur $= 32\ g\ mol^{–1}]$
  1. Blood cells are isotonic with $0.9\%$ sodium chloride solution. What happens if we place blood cells in a solution containing.
  1. $1.2\%$ sodium chloride solution?
  2. $0.4\%$ sodium chloride solution?
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(i) $\left[ Fe ( CN )_6\right]^{4-}$
(ii) $\left[ FeF _6\right]^{3-}$
(iii) $\left[ Co \left( C _2 O _4\right)_3\right]^{3-}$
(iv) $\left[ CoF _6\right]^{3-}$
Write short notes on the following :
(i) Kolbe's electrolytic reaction
(ii) Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction
(iii) Esterification reaction
(iv) Decarboxylation reaction(v) Hunds-Diecker reaction
What happens when :
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(b) Ethyl ethanoate is boiled with KOH aq.
(c) Methyl magnesium iodide is heated with methanol.
(d) Acetaldehyde is heated with Tollen's reagent.
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