Mental Disorders — psychology STD 12 Arts — Question

• The author of the psychoanalytic paradigm, Dr. Sigmund is Freud.
• There are three types of ideology. :

(1) Conscious unconscious mind
(2) Lower ego – ego upper ego
(3) Stages of psychosocial development
(4) Defensive technique
(1) Conscious unconscious mind:

• According to Freud, there are two main types of minds.

(1) Conscious mind (2) Unconscious mind

• The repressed feelings, impulses or experiences of pain in the unconscious mind are responsible for the abnormal behavior.
• Conflicts arising in the unconscious mind lead a person to abnormal behavior.
• The person is unconscious of the thoughts and feelings in the unconscious mind.
• All the feelings or impulses that are socially or morally unacceptable to a person are in the unconscious mind.
• Freud's explanation of the conscious mind and the unconscious mind is based on ice floating in the ocean.
• In which the little part outside the iceberg is Chetanman.
• While the underwater part is the unconscious mind.
• Impulses in the unconscious mind are sometimes seen in the form of writing, speaking, and errors, sometimes in dreams and sometimes in the form of abnormal behavior.

(2) Lower ego, ego, and upper ego:

• According to Freud, there are three types of personality. (1) Lower ego (2) Ego (2) Upper ego.
• (a) Lower ego (ID)

• Happiness with a low ego personality follows the principle.
• In which two main opposing fundamentals are found.

(1) The basics of life, in which life is found to be structured as well as connected with sexuality.

• Known as libido and eros.

(2) The origin of death, which is reprehensible. At the root of which is aggression at the center.

• There are two types of aggression.

(1) External direction: In which a person behaves like injuring other people, beating, quarreling, and killing.
(2) Inner direction: As a person harms himself.

• Such as, nail biting, head banging, suicide attempt etc.

• (b) Ego:

• The ego is connected to reality, usually as the child develops the ego after the lower ego.
• Here the person moves forward by understanding the situation of life in a real form and tries to reach or control himself against the demand of the thing.

• (c) Super ego:

• The upper ego follows the ideal and moral principle.
• In which society, rules of culture, ideals, customs adhere to beliefs.
• It distinguishes between good and bad, right or wrong.
• Trying more to control themselves internally.
• So that moral qualities develop in them.
• According to Freud, when there is a conflict between the three, the person who does not resolve it becomes a victim of psychosis.

(3) Stages of psychosocial development:

• According to Freud, there are five stages of personality development.
• (a)Facial:

• This condition lasts from birth to two years.
• In which the center of the child's sexuality is the mouth.
• This is the time to get food and satisfaction through breastfeeding.
• At this point the baby enjoys the act of sucking and putting everything in the mom.

• (b) Anus:

• This condition occurs in two to three years.
• At this point the center of sexuality is centered on the anus.
• The child is trained in defecation.
• At this time learn the rules of hygiene and experience of self-regulation.

• (c) Gender status:

• This condition lasts for three to six years.
• At this point the center of sexuality is the genitalia itself.
• At this time the male child is more attracted to the mother due to the Audius gland.
• At this time the female child is more attracted to the father due to the electro gland.

• (d) Dormancy:

• This condition lasts for six to twelve years.
• There is no center of sexuality at this time.
• At this time the child develops new skills and abilities.

• (e) Sensory state:

• This stage starts from thirteen years.
• Seen throughout life.
• At this time love, feeling, pleasure, sexual intercourse, satisfaction in life etc. are achieved.
• According to Freud, if one of these states is obstructed, abnormal behavior is born.
• For example, facial defects can cause symptoms such as smoking, alcoholism, or gluttony during adulthood.

(2) Prevention techniques and concerns:

• According to Freud, anxiety is central.
• He has shown three types of anxiety.
• (a) Real anxiety: This anxiety arises from external environment or challenges.

• This is known as real or objective concern.

• (b) Psychotic anxiety: This anxiety arises from mental conflicts and feelings of insecurity.

• A person with this type of anxiety does not know the causes of anxiety.

• (c) Moral anxiety: Anxiety that arises when doing any work that hurts the upper ego is moral anxiety.

• The person attached to this type of anxiety tries to reach the environment or run away from it.
• When consciously trying many times the anxiety does not go away, he unknowingly tries to sustain his ego.
• In this endeavor he uses various rescue techniques.
• Such as projection rationalization, retreat, repression, denial and rejection etc. use defensive technique.
• Most people use rescue techniques at some point in their lives.
• But its overuse leads to abnormal behavior.