Question
Explain why $\text{CO}^{2-}_3$ ion cannot be represented by a single Lewis structure. How can it be represented?
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Answer
A single Lewis structure of $\text{CO}^{2-}_3$ ion cannot explain all the properties of this ion. It can be represented as a resonance hybrid of the following structures
If, it were represented only by one structure, there should be two types of bonds, i.e. $\text{C}=\text{O}$ double bond and $\text{C}-\text{O}$ single bonds but actually all bonds are found to be identical with same bond length and same bond strength.
If, it were represented only by one structure, there should be two types of bonds, i.e. $\text{C}=\text{O}$ double bond and $\text{C}-\text{O}$ single bonds but actually all bonds are found to be identical with same bond length and same bond strength.
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Note: Consider structures I to VII and answer the questions:
→- $\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{OH}$
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$\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}-\text{CH}_3\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{OH}$
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$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{CH}_3-\text{C}-\text{CH}_3\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{OH}$
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$\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}-\text{CH}_2-\text{OH}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3$
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$\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{O}-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_3$
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$\text{CH}_3-\text{O}-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_3$
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$\text{CH}_3-\text{O}-\text{CH}-\text{CH}_3\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3$
On the basis of Le Chatelier principle explain how temperature and pressure can be adjusted to increase the yield of ammonia in the following reaction.
$\text{N}_2\text{(g)}+\text{3H}_2\text{(g)}\rightleftharpoons\text{2NH}_3\text{(g)} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \Delta\text{H}= – 92.38\text{kJ mol}^{–1}$
What will be the effect of addition of argon to the above reaction mixture at constant volume?
→$\text{N}_2\text{(g)}+\text{3H}_2\text{(g)}\rightleftharpoons\text{2NH}_3\text{(g)} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \Delta\text{H}= – 92.38\text{kJ mol}^{–1}$
What will be the effect of addition of argon to the above reaction mixture at constant volume?