PART - 1 CH - 3 Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties — Chemistry STD 11 Science — Question

Explain the mechanism of sulphonation and Friedel Crafts reaction.

What volume of 0.1 M NaOH solution is required to neutralise 100ml of concentrated aqueous sulphuric acid which contains 98% H₂SO₄ by mass. The density of concentrated sulphuric acid solution is 1.84g ml^-1 NaOH reacts with H₂SO₄ according to the following reaction:
2NaOH + H₂SO4 → Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O
(Atomic mass/ g mol^-1 H = 1, S = 32, O = 16).

Justify giving reactions that among halogens, fluorine is the best oxidant and among hydrohalic compounds, hydroiodic acid is the best reductant.

1. Identify the pairs of compounds which are functional group isomers.

2. Explain, how is the electronegativity of carbon atoms related to their state of hybridization in an organic compound.

In any organic compound how will you analyse phosphorus and oxygen? Explain briefly.

1. Why is HF liquid but HCl, HBr, Hl are gases?
2. Why is o-nitrophenol steam volatile whereas p-nitrophenol is not steam volatile?

1. Arrange the following in decreasing order of their bond angle: H₂O, NH₃, H₂S
2. Sketch the bond moments and resultant dipole moment of the following molecule:

H₂O, NH₃, NF₃ and PCl₅

3. Draw shape of the following molecules on the basis of VSEPR theory:

XeF₄ and SF₄. (At. No. of Xe = 54, At. No. of S = 16)

Explain the shapes of different atomic orbitals.

Explain the oxidation number method to balance the redox reaction with explain.