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Biomolecules — Chemistry STD 12 Science — Question

Rajasthan BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceChemistryBiomolecules3 Marks
Question
Give primary information about carbohydrate compounds?
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Answer

→Carbohydrates are primarily produced by plants and form a very large group of naturally occurring organic compounds.
→Some common examples of carbohydrates are cane sugar, glucose, starch etc.
→Most of them have a general formula, $C _{ x }\left( H _2 O \right)_{ y }$and were considered as hydrates of carbon from where the name carbohydrate was derived.
→For example, the molecular formula of glucose $\left( C _6 H _{12} O _6\right)$ fits into this general formula, $C _6\left( H _2 O \right)_6$.
→But all the compounds which fit into this formula may not be classified as carbohydrates.For example acetic acid $\left( CH _3 COOH \right)$ fits into this general formula, $C _2\left( H _2 O \right)_2$ but is not a carbohydrate.
→Similarly rhamnose, $\left( C _6 H _{12} O _5\right)$is a carbohydrate but does not fit in this definition.
→"Chemically, the carbohydrates may be defined as optically active polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or the compounds which produce such units on hydrolysis."
→Some of the carbohydrates, which are sweet in taste, are also called sugar. The most common sugar, used in our homes is named as sucrose where as the sugar present in milk is known as lactose.
→Carbohydrates are also called saccharides.

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