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Reproduction, Development and Growth — BIOLOGY STD 8 — Question

ICSE BoardEnglish MediumSTD 8BIOLOGYReproduction, Development and Growth4 Marks
Question
How is artificial pollination carried out ?
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Answer

Artificial pollination is performed to produce a new variety of a crop plant with certain required characteristics. In this process two different varieties of a crop plant $($each possessing some wanted characteristics$)$ are selected. One variety of a crop plant may be high$-$yielding (higher seed producing) and the other variety may be disease$-$resistant $($resistant to diseases$)$. After selection of the parent plants, cross$-$breeding is done by artificial pollination to have a variety of crop which has characteristics of both the parent varieties. This is called hybridization. The new variety fomied is called a hybrid.
Many hybrid high$-$yielding varieties of wheat, rice and maize have been produced by the process of hybridization. In artificial pollination during hybridization, the stamens of a bisexual flower are removed before their anthers mature.
$\rightarrow$ This flower with gynoecium intact, is covered with a paper or a muslin bag to prevent natural pollination.
$\rightarrow$ When the stigma of this flower matures, pollen grains from another selected plant are taken and deposited on the stigma.
$\rightarrow$ The seeds produced after artificial pollination give rise to new hybrid variety which is generally better than the parent crops.
$\rightarrow$ They are high$-$yielding, of better quality and disease$-$resistant.

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