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Evolution — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceBIOLOGYEvolution3 Marks
Question
Name and explain the principle, the given equation represents: p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1.
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Answer

  1. The given equation represents Hardy-Weinberg (genetic) equilibrium.
  2. This principle stated that allele frequences in a population are stable and remain constant from generation to generation, i.e., the gene pool remains a constant; this is called genetic equilibrium.
  3. The sum total of all the allele frequencies is one.
  4. Individual frequencies are named as p and q, which represent the frequencies of alleles A and a respectively, in a population of diploid organisms.
  5. The frequency of AA individuals is p2, while that of aa is q2 and Aa is 2pq; hence p2 + 2pg + q2 = 1, which is the binomial expansion of (p + q)2.
  6. Any deviation in the frequency of alleles represents an evolutionary change.

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