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Health and Hygiene — BIOLOGY STD 8 — Question

ICSE BoardEnglish MediumSTD 8BIOLOGYHealth and Hygiene4 Marks
Question
Name the various microorganisms which cause communicable diseases. Give two examples each of the diseases caused by these microorganisms.
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Answer

Given below are the names of a few diseases. Classify them according to microorganisms which cause them.
sleeping sickness, rabies, food poisoning, botulism, typhoid, mumps, chickenpox, whooping cough, hepatitis, conjunctivitis, ringworm, amoebic dysentery, diphtheria, influenza, cholera, plague, yellow fever, pneumonia
Classify the above mentioned diseases
The various microorganisms which cause diseases are called pathogens or germs. These disease causing germs can be put in to four categories, that is :
$(a)$ Bacteria : They are found in abundance in soil, water, air, food and in the bodies of other oganisms. Diphtheria,
typhoid are the diseases caused by them.
$(b)$ Viruses : These microorganisms are on the borderline of the living and the non living. They are too small, can
be seen with only electron microscope. Polio, Rabies etc. are the diseases caused by them.
$(c)$ Fungi : These are non$-$green plants which may be single celled like yeast or multicellular like mushroom. Ringworm and athlete’s foot are the fungal disease.
$(d)$ Protozoa : These are single celled micro-oiganisms. Amoebic dysentery, malaria are the diseases caused by protozoa according to their modes of transmission also.
Microorganisms Diseases
bacteria cholera, whooping cough, tuberculosis, tetanus, leprosy
diphtheria
Virus measles, chickenpox, polio,
hepatitis, conjunctivitis, Influenza, $\text{AIDS}$
Fungi Food poisoning, ringworm athlete's foot
Protozoa Amoebic dysentery, malaria, sleeping sickness.

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