Question
Read the source given below and answer the following questions:
Ford Motors, an American company, is one of the world's largest automobile manufacturers with production spread over 26 countries of the world. Ford Motors came to India in 1995 and spent Rs.1700 crore to set up a large plant near Chennai. This was done in collaboration with Mahindra and Mahindra, a major Indian manufacturer of jeeps and trucks. By the year 2004, Ford Motors was selling 27,000 cars in the Indian markets, while 24,000 cars were exported from India to South Africa, Mexico and Brazil. The company wanted to develop Ford India as a component supplying base for its other plants across the globe.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:
  1. The passage given above relates to which of the following options?
  1. Increased employment.
  2. Foreign investment.
  3. Foreign collaboration.
  4. International competition.
  1. According to the given passage, Ford Motors can be termed as a Multi-National Company based on which of the following options?
  1. Production of different types of automobiles.
  2. Largest automobile manufacturer in the world.
  3. Because of large scale export of cars across globe.
  4. Industrial and commercial ventures across globe.
  1. By setting up their production plants in India, Ford Motors wanted to:
  1. Collaborate with a leading Indian Automobile company.
  2. Satisfy the demands of American, African, and Indian markets.
  3. Tap the benefits of low-cost production and a large market.
  4. Take over small automobile manufacturing units in India.
  1. 'Ford Motors' wish to develop Ford India as a component supplying base for its other plants across the globe is an evidence of:
  1. Promoting local industries of India.
  2. Merging trade from different countries.
  3. Supplying jobs to factory workers in India.
  4. Interlinking of production across countries.

Answer

(i)
(b)
Foreign investment.
(ii)
(d)
Industrial and commercial ventures across globe.
(iii)
(c)
Tap the benefits of low-cost production and a large market.
(iv)
(d)
Interlinking of production across countries.

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Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow:
The Constitution clearly provided a threefold distribution of legislative powers between the Union Government and the State Governments. Thus, it contains three lists: Union List includes subjects of national importance such as defence of the country, foreign affairs, banking, communications and currency. They are included in this list because we need a uniform policy on these matters throughout the country. Union List includes subjects of national importance such as defence of the country, foreign affairs, banking, communications and currency. They are included in this list because we need a uniform policy on these matters throughout the country. The Union Government alone can make laws relating to the subjects mentioned in the Union List. l State List contains subjects of State and local importance such as police, trade, commerce, agriculture and irrigation. The State Governments alone can make law relating to the subject mentioned in the state list. Concurrent list includes subjects of common interest to both the Union Government as well as the State Governments, such as education, forest, trade unions, marriage, adoption and succession. Both the Union as well as the State Governments can make laws on these subjects. If the laws conflict with each other the law made by the union government will prevail.
  1. Both the union and the state government can make laws on the subjects mentioned in the:
  1. Union list.
  2. State list.
  3. Concurrent list.
  4. None of the above.
  1. Which of the following is not a subject of the Union List?
  1. Foreign affairs.
  2. Currency.
  3. Banking.
  4. Law and order.
  1. Which one of the following subjects is included in the concurrent list?
  1. Banking
  2. Trade
  3. Police
  4. Education
  1. What makes India a federal country?
  1. As per the Indian constitution, the nation follows a three-fold distribution of legislative powers.
  2. The distribution of powers between the union and state governments.
  3. There are three lists divided between the centre and state governments.
  4. All the above.
Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow:
The Belgian leaders took a different path. They recognised the existence of regional differences and cultural diversities. Between 1970 and 1993, they amended their constitution four times so as to work out an arrangement that would enable everyone to live together within the same country. The arrangement they worked out is different from any other country and is very innovative.Apart from the Central and the State Government, there is a third kind of government. This ‘community government’ is elected by people belonging to one language community - Dutch, French and German-speaking - no matter where they live. This government has the power regarding cultural, educational and language-related issues. It is very complicated, even for people living in Belgium. But these arrangements have worked well so far. They helped to avoid civic strife between the two major communities and a possible division of the country on linguistic lines. When many countries of Europe came together to form the EuropeanUnion, Brussels was chosen as its headquarters.
  1. What was chosen as the headquarters of the European Union?
  1. Brussels
  2. Zurich
  3. Swiden
  4. France
  1. Who elects the community government in Belgium?
  1. People belonging to one language community only
  2. By the leader of Belgium.
  3. The citizens of the whole country.
  4. The community leaders of the Belgium.
  1. The community Government signifies:
  1. The powers of the government regarding community development.
  2. The powers of the government regarding law making for the community.
  3. The powers of the government regarding cultural ,educational and language related issues.
  4. The government enjoys privileges to safeguard the interest of a particular community.
  1. How many times the constitution of Belgium was amended?
  1. Two times.
  2. Three times.
  3. Four times.
  4. Five times.

Printed Words


This is how Mercier describes the impact of the printed word, and the power of reading in one of his books: 'Anyone who had seen me reading would have compared me to a man dying of thirst who was gulping down some fresh, pure water... Lighting my lamp with extraordinary caution, I threw myself hungrily into the reading. An easy eloquence, effortless and animated, carried me from one page to the next without my noticing it. A clock struck off the hours in the silence of the shadows, and I heard nothing. My lamp began to run out of oil and produced only a pale light, but still I read on. I could not even take out time to raise the wick for fear of interrupting my pleasure. How those new ideas rushed into my brain! How my intelligence adopted them!'
i. How does the passage reflect the immersive nature of reading of Mercier?
ii. Why did Mercier describe himself as a virtual writer?
iii. How did reading influence Mercier's intellectual capacity and his engagement with new concepts? Explain in any two points.

Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:

Source - Swaraj in the Plantations

Workers too had their own understanding of Mahatma Gandhi and the notion of Swaraj. For plantation workers in Assam, freedom meant the right to move freely in and out of the confined space in which they were enclosed, and it meant retaining a link with the village from which they had come. Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859, plantation workers were not permitted to leave the tea gardens without permission, and in fact they were rarely given such permission. When they heard of the Non-Cooperation Movement, thousands of workers defied the authorities, left the plantations and headed home. They believed that Gandhi Raj was coming and everyone would be given land in their own villages. They, however, never reached their destination. Stranded on the way by a railway and steamer strike, they were caught by the police and brutally beaten up.
Q.1. Explain the understanding of 'Swaraj' for plantation workers in Assam.
Q.2. Explain the Inland Emigration Act of 1859 as a barrier to freedom of plantation workers.

Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow:
The income of countries is considered to be one of the most important attributes for making comparisons between countries. Intuitively, the income of the country is the income of all the residents of the country. This gives us the total income of the country. However, for comparison between countries, total income is not such a useful measure. Since, countries have different populations, comparing total income will not tell us what an average person is likely to earn. Hence, we compare the average income which is the total income of the country divided by its total population. In World Development Reports, brought out by the World Bank, this criterion is used in classifying countries. Countries with per capita income of US dollar 12,056 per annum and above in 2017, are called rich countries and those with per capita income of US dollar 955 or less are called low-income countries. India comes in the category of low-middle-income countries. The rich countries, excluding countries of the Middle East and certain other small countries, are generally called developed countries.
I. What is the other name of average income? (1)
II. In which category is India classified based on its average income? Explain. (1)
III. Is the average income an important criterion for development? Why? (2)
For centuries, silk and spices from China flowed into Europe through the silk route. In the eleventh century, Chinese paper reached Europe via the same route. Paper made possible the production of manuscripts, carefully written by scribes. Then, in 1295, Marco Polo, a great explorer, returned to Italy after many years of exploration in China.
China already had the technology of woodblock printing. Marco Polo brought this knowledge back with him. Now Italians began producing books with woodblocks, and soon the technology spread to other parts of Europe. Luxury editions were still handwritten on very expensive vellum, meant for aristocratic circles and rich monastic libraries which scoffed at printed books as cheap vulgarities. Merchants and students in the university towns bought the cheaper printed copies.
The production of handwritten manuscripts could not satisfy the ever-increasing demand for books. Copying was an expensive, laborious and time-consuming business. Manuscripts were fragile, awkward to handle, and could not be carried around or read easily. Their circulation, therefore, remained limited. With the growing demand for books, woodblock printing gradually became more and more popular.
i. Despite the introduction of print-culture, why were luxurious edition still handwritten?
ii. Describe any two drawbacks of handwritten manuscripts in comparison to printed material.
iii. What was Marco Polo's contribution to print culture?
Read the source given below and answer the following questions:Getting a loan from bank is much more difficult than taking loan from informal sources. Absence of collateral security and documentation prevents the poors from getting bank loans. Self Help Group is a group of people usually belonging to one neighbourhood having same social and economic backgrounds. They meet and save money regularly as per their ability. Members of the group can take small loans from the group itself to meet their needs. The group charges interest less than moneylenders on these loans. After one or two years, if the group is regular in savings, it becomes eligible for availing loan from the bank. Loan is sanctioned in the name of group and is meant to create self employment opportunities.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:
  1. What is the most essential requirement for taking loan from information services?
  1. Collateral security.
  2. Bribe.
  3. Source from a top officer.
  4. None of these.
  1. SH G is a group of people usually belonging to:
  1. The same caste.
  2. Nearby villages.
  3. One neighbourhood having same social and economic backgrounds.
  4. Different villages.
  1. What facilities do the members have who are in the same group?
  1. They are not given any facility.
  2. They can take small loans from the group itself to meet their needs.
  3. They are debarred from the group.
  4. No facility is given to them.
  1. What benefits are there for a SHG that is regular in savings?
  1. The dispute arise after sometimes.
  2. They are rewarded by the government.
  3. They get jobs in government departments.
  4. They are entitled to raise loan from bank in the name of SHG.
In June 1920, Jawaharlal Nehru began going around the villages in Awadh, talking to the villagers, and trying to understand their grievances. The Oudh Kisan Sabha was set up headed by Jawaharlal Nehru, Baba Ramchandra, and a few others. Within a month, over 300 branches had been set up in the villages around the region. So when the Non-Cooperation Movement began the following year, the effort of the Congress was to integrate the Awadh peasant struggle into the wider struggle. The peasant movement, however, developed in forms that the Congress leadership was unhappy with. As the movement spread in 1921, the houses of talukdars and merchants were attacked, bazaars were looted, and grain hoards were taken over. The name of the Mahatma was being invoked to sanction all action and aspirations.
i. What were the rumours spread by the local leaders among the peasants?
ii. When and why was the Oudh Kisan Sabha was set up?
iii. What made the Congress leadership unhappy with the peasant movement?
Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, European governments were driven by a spirit of conservatism. Conservatives believed that established, traditional institutions of state and society - like the monarchy, the Church, social hierarchies, property and the family should be preserved. Most conservatives, however, did not propose a return to the society of pre-revolutionary days. Rather, they realised, from the changes initiated by Napoleon, that modernisation could in fact strengthen traditional institutions like the monarchy. It could make state power more effective and strong. A modern army, an efficient bureaucracy, a dynamic economy, the abolition of feudalism and serfdom could strengthen the autocratic monarchies of Europe.
Q.1. What kind of conservative regimes were set up in 1815?
Q.2. In which place representatives of European Power met?
Q.3. In your opinion, what were the beliefs and thinking of conservation?
Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
During the French Revolution artists used the female allegory to portray ideas such as Liberty, Justice and the Republic. These ideals were represented through specific objects or symbols. As you would remember, the attributes of Liberty are the red cap, or the broken chain, while Justice is generally a blindfolded woman carrying a pair of weighing scales.
Similar female allegories were invented by artists in the nineteenth century to represent the nation. In France she was christened Marianne, a popular Christian name, which underlined the idea of a people's nation. Her characteristics were drawn from those of Liberty and the Republic - the red cap, the tricolour, the cockade. Statues of Marianne were erected in public squares to remind the public of the national symbol of unity and to persuade them to identify with it. Marianne images were marked on coins and stamps. Similarly, Germania became the allegory of the German nation. In visual representations, Germania wears a crown of oak leaves, as the German oak stands for heroism.
Q.1. Who became the female allegory of the France?
Q.2. What does blindfolded women carrying a pair of weighing scales signify?
Q.3. How were the ideas of Liberty, Justice and the Republic represented by French artists during the French Revolution?