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Unit 4 Ch 4 : Globalization and the Indian Economy — Social Studies STD 10 — Question

CBSE BoardEnglish MediumSTD 10Social StudiesUnit 4 Ch 4 : Globalization and the Indian Economy4 Marks
Question
 Read the source given below and answer the following questions:
Globalisation has been facilitated by several factors. Three of these have been highlighted: rapid improvements in technology, liberalisation of trade and investment policies and, pressures from international organisations such as the WTO. But with the development of an economy, environmental protection is also necessary. ln June 1992, more than 100 heads of states met in Rio-de-Janeiro in Brazil, for the first international Earth Summit. The summit was convened for addressing urgent problems of environmental protection and socio-economic development at the global level. The assembled leaders signed the Declaration on Global Climatic Change and Biological Diversity. The Rio Convention endorsed the global Forest Principles and adopted Agenda 21 for achieving Sustainable Development in the 21st century.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:
  1. The so called first international Earth summit was convened for:
  1. Addressing urgent problems of environmental protection.
  2. Addressing socio-economic development at the global level.
  3. Both (a) and (b).
  4. None of these.
  1. The passage is mainly related to
  1. Globalisation and environment.
  2. Rio-de-Janeiro Earth Summit 1992.
  3. Sustainable development.
  4. Agenda 21.
  1. Agenda 21 is the flowchart of action to be taken by the assembled nations to:
  1. Achieve environmental protection.
  2. Fulfil the needs of future generations.
  3. Combat the hurdles that debar sustainable development.
  4. Attain socio-economic development at global level.
  1. The term used to achieve development without damaging the environment and without compromising with the needs of the future generations is:
  1. Socio-economic development.
  2. Agenda 21.
  3. Global environmental development.
  4. Sustainable development.
✓

Answer

(i)
(c)
Both (a) and (b).
(ii)
(a)
Globalisation and environment.
(iii)
(c)
Combat the hurdles that debar sustainable development.
(iv)
(d)
Sustainable development.

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Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow :
Exhaustion of Natural Resources Look at the following data for crude oil:
Region/countryReserve (2017)
(Thousand Million Barrels)		Number of Years Reserves
will last
Middle East80870
United States of America5010.5
World169750.2

The table above gives an estimate of reserves of crude oil (column1). More important, it also tells us for how many years the stock of crude oil will last if people continue to extract it at the present rate. The reserves would last only 50 years for the world. However, different countries face different situations. Countries like India depend on importing oil from abroad because they do not have enough stocks of their own. There are countries like USA which have low reserves and hence want to secure oil through military or economic power. The question of sustainability of development raises many fundamentally new issues about the nature and process of development.
Q.1. Is crude oil essential for the development process in a country? Discuss.
Q.2. India has to import crude oil. What problems do you anticipate for the country looking at the above situation?

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Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:

A House Loan

Megha has taken a loan of 5 lakhs from the bank to purchase a house. The annual interest rate on the loan is 12 per cent and the loan is to be repaid in 10 years in monthly installments. Megha had to submit to the bank, documents showing her employment records and salary before the bank agreed to give her the loan.
The bank retained as collateral the papers of the new house, which will be returned to Megha only when she repays the entire loan with interest.
Q.1. From which source of credit Megha has taken loan?
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Suppose for the present that a particular country is quite developed. We would certainly like this level of development to go up further or at least be maintained for future generations. This is obviously desirable. However, since the second half of the twentieth century, a number of scientists have been warning that the present type, and levels, of development are not sustainable.
Groundwater is an example of renewable resources. These resources are replenished by nature as in the case of crops and plants. However, even these resources may be overused. For example, in the case of groundwater, if we use more than what is being replenished by rain then we would be overusing this resource.
Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state boundaries; this issue is no longer region or nation specific. Our future is linked together. Sustainability of development is comparatively a new area of knowledge in which scientists, economists, philosophers and other social scientists are working together.
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  1. Planting trees.
  2. Prevention of factory wastes getting mixed up with river water.
  3. Ban on using plastic bags.
  4. Allowing an increase in the level of exhaust fumes emited by cars, buses trucks etc.
  1. Which of the following statement defines sustainable development?
  1. Sustainable use of natural resources without considering the need of future generations.
  2. The present generation fulfills its needs while considering the needs of the future generations as well.
  3. It means the utilisation of natural resources by the past, present and the future generations.
  4. To meet the needs of the future generations even if the needs of the present generation is not met.
  1. What kind of development should be achieved by making a sincere attempt to preserve the environment and resources.
  1. Economic Development.
  2. Social Development.
  3. Sustainable Development.
  4. Political Development.
  1. The future generation may not have sufficient resources as compared to the present generation because:
  1. Resources are being used judiciously by the present generation, which will make them exhausted.
  2. Resources are being used optimally by the present generation which will make them exhausted.
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  4. Resources are not being used by the present generation, which will make them exhausted.
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  1. What is BMI?
  1. Body mass information.
  2. Body mean information.
  3. Body mean index.
  4. Body mass index.
  1. Identify the correct formula to calculate the BMI.
  1. Height/ Weight2
  2. Weight/ height2
  3. Weight/ height
  4. Weight2/ heigh
  1. Rahul is 5 ft 6 inches tall and he weighs 82 kilos. Calculate his BMI.
  1. 23.5
  2. 29.2
  3. 27.6
  4. 21.3
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  1. Overweight.
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Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
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Q.1. Explain the significance of per capita Income.
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Groundwater in India

Organised sector covers those enterprises or places of work where the terms of employment are regular and therefore, people have assured work. They are registered by the government and have to follow its rules and regulations which are given in various laws such as the Factories Act, Minimum Wages Act, Payment of Gratuity Act, Shops and Establishments Act, etc. It is called organised because it has some formal processes and procedures. Some of these people may not be employed by anyone but may work on their own but they too have to register themselves with the government and follow the rules and regulations.
Workers in the organised sector enjoy security of employment. They are expected to work only a fixed number of hours. If they work more, they have to be paid overtime by the employer. They also get several other benefits from the employers. What are these benefits? They get paid leave, payment during holidays, provident fund, gratuity, etc. They are supposed to get medical benefits and, under the laws, the factory manager has to ensure facilities like drinking water and a safe working environment. When they retire, these workers get pensions.
The unorganised sector is characterised by small and scattered units which are largely outside the control of the government. There are rules and regulations but these are not followed. Jobs here are low-paid and often not regular. There is no provision for overtime, paid leave, holidays, leave due to sickness etc. Employment is not secure. People can be asked to leave without any reason. When there is less work, such as during some seasons, some people may be asked to leave. A lot also depends on the whims of the employer. This sector includes a large number of people who are self employed and do small jobs such as selling on the street or doing repair work. Similarly, farmers work on their own and hire labourers as and when they require.
Q.1. Give one example of an activity of an unorganised sector.
Q.2. What is applicable for a worker, who works in an organised sector?
Q.3. Why do people prefer to work in an organised sector?

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Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
For comparing countries, their income is considered to be one of the most important attributes. Countries with higher income are more developed than others with less income. This is based on the understanding that more incomemeans more of all things that human beings need. Whatever people like, and should have, they will be able to get with greater income. So, greater income itself is considered to be one important goal. The rich countries, excluding countries of the Middle East and certain other small countries, are generally called developed countries.
  1. Which country can be considered as a developed country in the modern world? Select your answer from the following statements.
  1. Countries which have accumulated huge amounts of wealth and always secures the future of their citizens. These countries are considered to be developed.
  2. Countries which are among the highest in the 'Human Development Index' are considered to be the developed countries.
  3. Only rich countries are considered to be developed because people have money to buy everything needed for human beings both material and non-material.
  4. Iran is a rich country and therefore it is a developed country.
  1. What is considered to be one of the most important attributes when we compare countries at the level of development?
  1. Industrial development.
  2. Resources of the country.
  3. Income.
  4. Import-export.
  1. The Middle East countries even though are rich countries; but they are not considered as a developed country because.
  1. Its high income is because of Oil exports and not because of development.
  2. It has all the facilities of a developed country because of its high income.
  3. Even after sufficient development they are still not considered as developed countries.
  4. It does not have many facilities so they are not treated as developed countries.
  1. ______ is the total income of the country divided by its total population.
  1. Gross income.
  2. Per capita income.
  3. Total income.
  4. Net income.
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Read the given source and answer the questions that follow:
For comparing countries, their income is considered to be one of the most important attributes. Countries with higher income are more developed than others with less income. This is based on the understanding. that more income means more of all things that human beings need. Whatever people like, and should have, they will be able to get with greater income. So, greater income itself is considered to be one important goal. The rich countries, excluding countries of the Middle East and certain other small countries, are generally called developed countries.
Q.1. The Middle East countries even though are rich countries; but they are not considered as a developed. country. Why?
Q.2. What is considered to be one of the most important attributes when we compare countries at the level of development?
Q.3. Which country can be considered as a developed country in the modern world?
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Read the text given below and answer the following questions.
Manufacturing industries not only help in modernising agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy, they also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors. Industrial development is a precondition for eradication ofunemployment and poverty from our country. This was the main philosophy behind public sector industries and joint sector ventures in India. It was also aimed at bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange. Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of finished goods of higher value are prosperous. India's prosperity lies in increasing and diversifying its manufacturing industries as quickly as possible. Agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other. They move hand in hand. For instance, the agro-Industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:
  1. Manufacturing industries fall in _________ and agriculture in __________.
  1. Primary, secondary sector.
  2. Secondary, tertiary sector.
  3. Primary, tertiary sector.
  4. Secondary, primary sector.
  1. Manufacturing provides job opportunities to reduce dependance on agriculture. Identify which sector the following jobs belong to?
Jobs created or promoted by manufacturing industries
Sector
(A)
Garment production
1.
Primary
(B)
Research and development
2.
Tertiary
(C)
Banking
3.
Secondary
(D)
Banking
4.
Quarternary
  1. A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
  2. A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
  3. A-2, B-3, C-1, D-2
  4. A-4, B-1, C-4, D-3
  1. Which of the following options does not help in modernising agriculture?
  1. Manufacturing farm equipment.
  2. Providing unskilled labour force.
  3. Supplying fertilizers and pesticides.
  4. Producing tube well pumps and sprinklers.
  1. ln order to attract foreign manufacturing firms, a country needs to develop.
  1. Agrarian facilities.
  2. Cultivable lands.
  3. Media facilities.
  4. Infrastructure facilities.
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