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Unit 4 Ch 4 : Globalization and the Indian Economy — Social Studies STD 10 — Question

CBSE BoardEnglish MediumSTD 10Social StudiesUnit 4 Ch 4 : Globalization and the Indian Economy4 Marks
Question
Read the source given below and answer the following questions:
In recent years, the central and state governments in India are taking special steps to attract foreign companies to invest in India. Industrial zones, are called Special Economic Zones (SEZs), are being set up. SEZs are to have world class facilities: electricity, water, roads, transport, storage, recreational and educational facilities. Companies who set up production units in the SEZs do not have to pay taxes for an initial period of five years. Government has also allowed flexibility in the labour laws to attract foreign investment. Companies in the organised sector have to obey certain rules that aim to protect the workers' rights. In the recent years, the government has allowed companies to ignore many of these. Instead of hiring workers on a regular basis, companies hire workers 'flexibly' for short periods when there is intense pressure of work. This is done to reduce the cost of labour for the company. However, still not satisfied, foreign companies are demanding more flexibility in labour laws.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:
  1. What do you understand by the term 'Special Economic Zones'?
  1. Industrial zones.
  2. Banking zone.
  3. Farming zone.
  4. Forest Conservation zone.
  1. Which of the following steps have been taken by the government to attract foreign companies?
  1. Providing food, shelter and cloth.
  2. Judicial facilities.
  3. Companies do not have to pay taxes for an initial period of five years. Government has also allowed flexibility in the labour laws to attract foreign investment.
  4. All of these.
  1. Which facilities are provided in Special Economic Zones?
  1. Free raw materials for industries.
  2. Voting facility.
  3. SEZs are to have world class facilities: electricity, water, roads, transport, storage, recreational and educational facilities.
  4. Zero taxes in 10 years.
  1. Which of the following are/ is the demands of foreign companies?
  1. Free electricity
  2. Free transport.
  3. Less flexibility in labour laws.
  4. Foreign companies are demanding more flexibility in labour laws.
✓

Answer

(i)
(a)
Industrial zones.
(ii)
(c)
Companies do not have to pay taxes for an initial period of five years. Government has also allowed flexibility in the labour laws to attract foreign investment.
(iii)
(c)
SEZs are to have world class facilities: electricity, water, roads, transport, storage, recreational and educational facilities.
(iv)
(d)
Foreign companies are demanding more flexibility in labour laws.

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Similar questions

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
For comparing countries, their income is considered to be one of the most important attributes. Countries with higher income are more developed than others with less income. This is based on the understanding that more income means more of all things that human beings need. Whatever people like, and should have, they will be able to get with greater income. So, greater income itself is considered to be one important goal. Now, what is the income of a country? Intuitively, the income of the country is the income of all the residents of the country. This gives us the total income of the country. However, for comparison between countries, total income is not such an useful measure. Since, countries have different populations, comparing total income will not tell us what an average person is likely to earn. Are people in one country better off than others in a different country? Hence, we compare the average income which is the total income of the country divided by its total population. The average income is also called per capita income. In World Development Reports, brought out by the World Bank, this criterion is used in classifying countries. Countries with per capita income of US$\$$ 49,300 per annum and above in 2019, are called high income or rich countries and those with per capita income of US$\$$ 2500 or less are called low-income countries. The rich countries, excluding countries ofMiddle East and certain other small countries are generally called developed countries.

Q.1. Explain the significance of per capita Income.
Q.2. What are the classifications of countries based on per capita income, and which entity is responsible for determining these classifications?"
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 Read the source given below and answer the following questions:
Globalisation has been facilitated by several factors. Three of these have been highlighted: rapid improvements in technology, liberalisation of trade and investment policies and, pressures from international organisations such as the WTO. But with the development of an economy, environmental protection is also necessary. ln June 1992, more than 100 heads of states met in Rio-de-Janeiro in Brazil, for the first international Earth Summit. The summit was convened for addressing urgent problems of environmental protection and socio-economic development at the global level. The assembled leaders signed the Declaration on Global Climatic Change and Biological Diversity. The Rio Convention endorsed the global Forest Principles and adopted Agenda 21 for achieving Sustainable Development in the 21st century.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:
  1. The so called first international Earth summit was convened for:
  1. Addressing urgent problems of environmental protection.
  2. Addressing socio-economic development at the global level.
  3. Both (a) and (b).
  4. None of these.
  1. The passage is mainly related to
  1. Globalisation and environment.
  2. Rio-de-Janeiro Earth Summit 1992.
  3. Sustainable development.
  4. Agenda 21.
  1. Agenda 21 is the flowchart of action to be taken by the assembled nations to:
  1. Achieve environmental protection.
  2. Fulfil the needs of future generations.
  3. Combat the hurdles that debar sustainable development.
  4. Attain socio-economic development at global level.
  1. The term used to achieve development without damaging the environment and without compromising with the needs of the future generations is:
  1. Socio-economic development.
  2. Agenda 21.
  3. Global environmental development.
  4. Sustainable development.
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Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
Total income is not such a useful measure. Since, countries have different populations, comparing total income will not tell us what an average person is likely to earn. Are people in one country better off than others in a different country? Hence, we compare the average income which is the total income of the country divided by its total population. The average income is also called per capita income. In World Development Reports, brought out by the World Bank, this criterion is used in classifying countries. Countries with per capitain come of US$ 12,056 per annum and above in 2017, are called rich countries and those with per capita income ofUS$ 955 or less are called low-income countries. India comes in the category of low middle income countries because its per capita income in 2017was just US$ 1820 per annum. The rich countries, excluding countries of Middle East and certain other small countries, are generally called developed countries.
  1. Countries with per capita income of US$ 12,056 per annum and above are called ________ .
  1. Low income countries.
  2. Rich countries.
  3. Small countries.
  4. None of these.
  1. We compare the average income by ________.
  1. Total income of the country divided by the total population.
  2. Total population multiplied by total income.
  3. Both A and B.
  4. None of these.
  1. The rich countries exclude the countries of ________.
  1. Middle East.
  2. Certain other small countries.
  3. Srilanka.
  4. All of these.
  1. The average income is:
  1. Income per person.
  2. Income per family.
  3. Income per month.
  4. Income per earning person.
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Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
The availability of resources is a necessary condition for the development of any region, but mere availability of resources in the absence of corresponding changes in technology and institutions may hinder development. There are many regions in our country that are rich in resources but these are included in economically backward regions. On the contrary there are some regions which have a poor resource base but they are economically developed.
The history of colonisation reveals that rich resources in colonies were the main attractions for the foreign invaders. It was primarily the higher level of technological development of the colonising countries that helped them to exploit resources of other regions and establish their supremacy over the colonies. Therefore, resources can contribute to development only when they are accompanied by appropriate technological development and institutional changes. India has experienced all this in different phases of colonisation. Therefore, in India, development, in general, and resource development in particular does not only involve the availability of resources, but also the technology, quality of human resources and the historical experiences of the people.
Q.1. What is a necessary condition for the development of any region?
Q.2. What helped the colonial countries to exploit resources of their colonies?
Q.3. Why are some resource rich regions included in economically backward regions?
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Read the case given below and answer the questions that follow:

Groundwater in India

Organised sector covers those enterprises or places of work where the terms of employment are regular and therefore, people have assured work. They are registered by the government and have to follow its rules and regulations which are given in various laws such as the Factories Act, Minimum Wages Act, Payment of Gratuity Act, Shops and Establishments Act, etc. It is called organised because it has some formal processes and procedures. Some of these people may not be employed by anyone but may work on their own but they too have to register themselves with the government and follow the rules and regulations.
Workers in the organised sector enjoy security of employment. They are expected to work only a fixed number of hours. If they work more, they have to be paid overtime by the employer. They also get several other benefits from the employers. What are these benefits? They get paid leave, payment during holidays, provident fund, gratuity, etc. They are supposed to get medical benefits and, under the laws, the factory manager has to ensure facilities like drinking water and a safe working environment. When they retire, these workers get pensions.
The unorganised sector is characterised by small and scattered units which are largely outside the control of the government. There are rules and regulations but these are not followed. Jobs here are low-paid and often not regular. There is no provision for overtime, paid leave, holidays, leave due to sickness etc. Employment is not secure. People can be asked to leave without any reason. When there is less work, such as during some seasons, some people may be asked to leave. A lot also depends on the whims of the employer. This sector includes a large number of people who are self employed and do small jobs such as selling on the street or doing repair work. Similarly, farmers work on their own and hire labourers as and when they require.
Q.1. Give one example of an activity of an unorganised sector.
Q.2. What is applicable for a worker, who works in an organised sector?
Q.3. Why do people prefer to work in an organised sector?

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Read the given source and answer the questions that follow:
Nature worship is an age old tribal belief based on the premise that all creations of nature have to be protected. Such beliefs have preserved several virgin forests in pristine form called Sacred Groves (the forests of God and Goddesses). These patches of forest or parts of large forests have been left untouched by the local people and any interference with them is banned. Certain societies revere a particular tree which they have preserved from time immemorial. The Mundas and the Santhal of Chota Nagpur region worship mahua (Bassia latifolia) and kadamba (Anthocaphalus cadamba) trees, and the tribals of Odisha and Bihar worship the tamarind (Tamarindus indica) and mango (Mangifera indica) trees during weddings. To many of us, peepal and banyan trees are considered sacred.
Q.1. What are Sacred Groves?
Q.2. In which way tribes preserved the forest?
Q.3. Which trees are worshiped by the Mundas and the Santhal tribes?
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Read the source given below and answer the following questions:

Getting a loan from bank is much more difficult than taking loan from informal sources. Absence of collateral security and documentation prevents the poors from getting bank loans. Self Help Group is a group of people usually belonging to one neighbourhood having same social and economic backgrounds. They meet and save money regularly as per their ability. Members of the group can take small loans from the group itself to meet their needs. The group charges interest less than moneylenders on these loans. After one or two years, if the group is regular in savings, it becomes eligible for availing loan from the bank. Loan is sanctioned in the name of group and is meant to create self employment opportunities.

Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

  1. What is the most essential requirement for taking loan from information services?
  1. Collateral security.
  2. Bribe.
  3. Source from a top officer.
  4. None of these.
  1. SH G is a group of people usually belonging to:
  1. The same caste.
  2. Nearby villages.
  3. One neighbourhood having same social and economic backgrounds.
  4. Different villages.
  1. What facilities do the members have who are in the same group?
  1. They are not given any facility.
  2. They can take small loans from the group itself to meet their needs.
  3. They are debarred from the group.
  4. No facility is given to them.
  1. What benefits are there for a SHG that is regular in savings?
  1. The dispute arise after sometimes.
  2. They are rewarded by the government.
  3. They get jobs in government departments.
  4. They are entitled to raise loan from bank in the name of SHG.
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Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow :
Exhaustion of Natural Resources Look at the following data for crude oil:
Region/countryReserve (2017)
(Thousand Million Barrels)		Number of Years Reserves
will last
Middle East80870
United States of America5010.5
World169750.2

The table above gives an estimate of reserves of crude oil (column1). More important, it also tells us for how many years the stock of crude oil will last if people continue to extract it at the present rate. The reserves would last only 50 years for the world. However, different countries face different situations. Countries like India depend on importing oil from abroad because they do not have enough stocks of their own. There are countries like USA which have low reserves and hence want to secure oil through military or economic power. The question of sustainability of development raises many fundamentally new issues about the nature and process of development.
Q.1. Is crude oil essential for the development process in a country? Discuss.
Q.2. India has to import crude oil. What problems do you anticipate for the country looking at the above situation?

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Read the text given below and answer the following questions.
Manufacturing industries not only help in modernising agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy, they also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors. Industrial development is a precondition for eradication ofunemployment and poverty from our country. This was the main philosophy behind public sector industries and joint sector ventures in India. It was also aimed at bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange. Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of finished goods of higher value are prosperous. India's prosperity lies in increasing and diversifying its manufacturing industries as quickly as possible. Agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other. They move hand in hand. For instance, the agro-Industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:
  1. Manufacturing industries fall in _________ and agriculture in __________.
  1. Primary, secondary sector.
  2. Secondary, tertiary sector.
  3. Primary, tertiary sector.
  4. Secondary, primary sector.
  1. Manufacturing provides job opportunities to reduce dependance on agriculture. Identify which sector the following jobs belong to?
Jobs created or promoted by manufacturing industries
Sector
(A)
Garment production
1.
Primary
(B)
Research and development
2.
Tertiary
(C)
Banking
3.
Secondary
(D)
Banking
4.
Quarternary
  1. A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
  2. A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
  3. A-2, B-3, C-1, D-2
  4. A-4, B-1, C-4, D-3
  1. Which of the following options does not help in modernising agriculture?
  1. Manufacturing farm equipment.
  2. Providing unskilled labour force.
  3. Supplying fertilizers and pesticides.
  4. Producing tube well pumps and sprinklers.
  1. ln order to attract foreign manufacturing firms, a country needs to develop.
  1. Agrarian facilities.
  2. Cultivable lands.
  3. Media facilities.
  4. Infrastructure facilities.
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Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
The value of final goods and services produced in each sector during a particular year provides the total production of the sector for that year. And the sum of production in the three sectors gives what is called the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country. It is the value of all final goods and services produced within a country during a particular year. GDP shows how big the economy is. In India, the mammoth task of measuring GDP is undertaken by a central government ministry. This Ministry, with the help of various government departments of all the Indian states and union territories, collects information relating to total volume of goods and services and their prices and then estimates the GDP. When we produce a good by exploiting natural resources, it is an activity of the primary sector. The secondary sector in which natural products are changed into other forms through ways of manufacturing that we associate with industrial activity. After primary and secondary, there is a third category of activities that falls under the tertiary sector and is different from the above two. These are activities that help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors. These activities, by themselves, do not produce a good but they are an aid or a support for the production process.
  1. The money value of all the final goods and services produced within a country during a particular year is called:
  1. Gross domestic product.
  2. Net domestic product.
  3. National product.
  4. Production of secondary sector.
  1. Which sector has emerged as the largest producing sector in India?
  1. Primary sector
  2. Secondary sector
  3. Tertiary sector
  4. Science and technology sector
  1. Information and communication technology is associated with:
  1. Primary sector.
  2. Secondary sector.
  3. Tertiary sector.
  4. None of the above.
  1. Life insurance is an activity of the:
  1. Primary sector.
  2. Secondary sector.
  3. Tertiary sector.
  4. None of the above.
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