Question
Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:
Socially and politically, a landed aristocracy was the dominant class on the continent. The members of this class were united by a common way of life that cut across regional divisions. They owned estates in the countryside and also town-houses. They spoke French for the purpose of diplomacy and in high society. Their families were often connected by ties of marriage. This powerful aristocracy was, however, numerically a small group.
The majority of the population was made up of the peasantry. To the west, the bulk of the land was farmed by tenants and small owners while in Eastern and Central Europe the pattern of landholding was characterised by vast estates which were cultivated by serfs.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:
  1. Which was the dominant class on the continent of Europe?
  1. Tenants.
  2. Small owners.
  3. Landed aristocracy.
  4. High class society.
  1. What did the majority of population comprises of:
  1. Tenants.
  2. Small owners.
  3. Peasantry.
  4. Land holders.
  1. The given passage describes the social and political life of this class:
  1. Serfs and peasants.
  2. Aristocracy and middle class.
  3. Big land owners.
  4. Peasants and small owners.
  1. Aristocratic class used to speak French for the purpose of:
  1. Farming on a big land.
  2. Diplomacy and high society.
  3. Unity among the members.
  4. Reducing regional divisions.

Answer

(i)
(c)
Landed aristocracy.
(ii)
(c)
Peasantry.
(iii)
(b)
Aristocracy and middle class.
(iv)
(b)
Diplomacy and high society.

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Maharashtra is a state located in western India, with a population of over 110 million people. The state is home to several large cities, including Mumbai, and has a significant agricultural sector. However, the state is facing a severe water crisis, with its water resources coming under increasing pressure due to climate change, industrialization, and urbanization. The main challenges faced by water resource management in Maharashtra are:
i.Overexploitation of groundwater: Maharashtra is one of the most groundwaterstressed states in India, with the demand for water exceeding the supply. Overexploitation of groundwater for agriculture and urban use has led to a declinein water levels, which has severe implications for the sustainability of water resources.
ii. Pollution of surface water: Industrialization and urbanization have led to the pollution of surface water bodies such as rivers and lakes. The pollution has led to water quality degradation, which poses risks to human health and the environment.
iii. Inefficient irrigation practices: The agricultural sector is the largest user of water in Maharashtra, accounting for around 80% of total water use. However, traditional irrigation practices such as flood irrigation are inefficient and lead to the wastage of water.

Q.1. Mention any two reasons for the water crisis faced by the state of Maharashtra.
Q.2. Despite being the second highest rainfall-receiving state of the country, Maharashtra still faces water crisis. Substantiate this statement in 40 words.
Q.3. Propose any one solution to mitigate the water crisis faced by Maharashtra state.
Read the case given below and answer the questions that follow: Suppose for the present that a particular country is quite developed. We would certainly like this level of development to go up further or at least be maintained for future generations. This is obviously desirable. However, since the second half of the twentieth century, a number of scientists have been warning that the present type, and levels, of development are not sustainable. Groundwater is an example of renewable resources. These resources are replenished by nature as in the case of crops and plants. However, even these resources may be overused. For example, in the case of groundwater, if we use more than what is being replenished by rain then we would be overusing this resource. Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state boundaries; this issue is no longer region or nation specific. Our future is linked together. Sustainability of development is comparatively a new area of knowledge in which scientists, economists, philosophers and other social scientists are working together.
Q.1. What is the main cause that enhances environmental degradation?
Q.2. Define sustainable development.
Q.3. What kind of development should be achieved by making a sincere attempt to preserve the environment and resources?
Read the source given below and answer the following questions:
Globalisation has been facilitated by several factors. Three of these have been highlighted: rapid improvements in technology, liberalisation of trade and investment policies and, pressures from international organisations such as the WTO. But with the development of an economy, environmental protection is also necessary. ln June 1992, more than 100 heads of states met in Rio-de-Janeiro in Brazil, for the first international Earth Summit. The summit was convened for addressing urgent problems of environmental protection and socio-economic development at the global level. The assembled leaders signed the Declaration on Global Climatic Change and Biological Diversity. The Rio Convention endorsed the global Forest Principles and adopted Agenda 21 for achieving Sustainable Development in the 21st century.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:
  1. The so called first international Earth summit was convened for:
  1. Addressing urgent problems of environmental protection.
  2. Addressing socio-economic development at the global level.
  3. Both (a) and (b).
  4. None of these.
  1. The passage is mainly related to
  1. Globalisation and environment.
  2. Rio-de-Janeiro Earth Summit 1992.
  3. Sustainable development.
  4. Agenda 21.
  1. Agenda 21 is the flowchart of action to be taken by the assembled nations to:
  1. Achieve environmental protection.
  2. Fulfil the needs of future generations.
  3. Combat the hurdles that debar sustainable development.
  4. Attain socio-economic development at global level.
  1. The term used to achieve development without damaging the environment and without compromising with the needs of the future generations is:
  1. Socio-economic development.
  2. Agenda 21.
  3. Global environmental development.
  4. Sustainable development.
Read the source given below and answer the following questions:Getting a loan from bank is much more difficult than taking loan from informal sources. Absence of collateral security and documentation prevents the poors from getting bank loans. Self Help Group is a group of people usually belonging to one neighbourhood having same social and economic backgrounds. They meet and save money regularly as per their ability. Members of the group can take small loans from the group itself to meet their needs. The group charges interest less than moneylenders on these loans. After one or two years, if the group is regular in savings, it becomes eligible for availing loan from the bank. Loan is sanctioned in the name of group and is meant to create self employment opportunities.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:
  1. What is the most essential requirement for taking loan from information services?
  1. Collateral security.
  2. Bribe.
  3. Source from a top officer.
  4. None of these.
  1. SH G is a group of people usually belonging to:
  1. The same caste.
  2. Nearby villages.
  3. One neighbourhood having same social and economic backgrounds.
  4. Different villages.
  1. What facilities do the members have who are in the same group?
  1. They are not given any facility.
  2. They can take small loans from the group itself to meet their needs.
  3. They are debarred from the group.
  4. No facility is given to them.
  1. What benefits are there for a SHG that is regular in savings?
  1. The dispute arise after sometimes.
  2. They are rewarded by the government.
  3. They get jobs in government departments.
  4. They are entitled to raise loan from bank in the name of SHG.
Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow:
Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country in 1948. The leaders of the Sinhala community sought to secured dominance over government by virtue of their majority. As a result, the democratically elected government adopted a series of MAJORITARIAN measures to establish Sinhala supremacy. In 1956, an Act was passed to recognize Sinhala as the only official language, thus disregarding Tamil. The governments followed preferential policies that favoured Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs. A new constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism.
  1. In which country Majoritarianism is followed?
  1. Sri Lanka.
  2. India.
  3. Belgium.
  4. None of the above.
  1. Most of the Sinhala speaking people in Sri Lanka are:
  1. Hindu
  2. Buddhist
  3. Telugu
  4. Christian
  1. Name the most vibrant minority social group in Sri Lanka?
  1. Sinhala
  2. Buddhist
  3. Tamil
  4. Christian
  1. Which of the following are the ethnic communities of Sri Lanka?
  1. Indian Tamils and Sri Lankan Tamils.
  2. Tamils, Buddhists, Hindus.
  3. Indian Tamils, Sri Lankan Tamils and Buddhists.
  4. Sinhala speakers, Sri Lankan Tamils and Indian Tamils.
Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
India is fortunate to have fairly rich and varied mineral resources. However, these are unevenly distributed. Broadly speaking, peninsular rocks contain most of the reserves of coal, metallic minerals, mica and many other non-metallic minerals. Sedimentary rocks on the western and eastern flanks of the peninsula, in Gujarat and Assam have most of the petroleum deposits. Rajasthan with the rock systems of the peninsula, has reserves of many non- ferrous minerals. The vast alluvial plains of north India are almost devoid of economic minerals. These variation exist largely because of the differences in the geological structure, processes and time involved in the formation of minerals.
Q.1. What is the reason for uneven distribution of minerals in India?
Q.2. Where are Petroleum deposits found in India?
Q.3. Which regions have the highest amounts and which contain lowest deposition of economic minerals?
Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Most of the objections to the projects arose due to their failure to achieve the purposes for which they were built. Ironically, the dams that were constructed to control floods have triggered floods due to sedimentation in the reservoir.Moreover, the big dams have mostly been unsuccessful in controlling floods at the time of excessive rainfall. You may have seen or read how the release of water from dams during heavy rains aggravated the flood situation in Maharashtra and Gujarat in 2006. The floods have not only devastated life and property but also caused extensive soil erosion. Sedimentation also meant that the flood plains were deprived of silt, a natural fertiliser, further adding on to the problem of land degradation. It was also observed that the multi-purpose projects induced earthquakes, caused water-borne diseases and pests and pollution resulting from excessive use of water.
i. What is one of the impacts of sedimentation in reservoirs?
ii. What impact did the release of water from dams during heavy rains have on the flood situation in Maharashtra and Gujarat in 2006?
iii. Explain the negative environmental impacts associated with multi-purpose projects.
Read the source given below and answer the following questions:
Ford Motors, an American company, is one of the world's largest automobile manufacturers with production spread over 26 countries of the world. Ford Motors came to India in 1995 and spent Rs.1700 crore to set up a large plant near Chennai. This was done in collaboration with Mahindra and Mahindra, a major Indian manufacturer of jeeps and trucks. By the year 2004, Ford Motors was selling 27,000 cars in the Indian markets, while 24,000 cars were exported from India to South Africa, Mexico and Brazil. The company wanted to develop Ford India as a component supplying base for its other plants across the globe.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:
  1. The passage given above relates to which of the following options?
  1. Increased employment.
  2. Foreign investment.
  3. Foreign collaboration.
  4. International competition.
  1. According to the given passage, Ford Motors can be termed as a Multi-National Company based on which of the following options?
  1. Production of different types of automobiles.
  2. Largest automobile manufacturer in the world.
  3. Because of large scale export of cars across globe.
  4. Industrial and commercial ventures across globe.
  1. By setting up their production plants in India, Ford Motors wanted to:
  1. Collaborate with a leading Indian Automobile company.
  2. Satisfy the demands of American, African, and Indian markets.
  3. Tap the benefits of low-cost production and a large market.
  4. Take over small automobile manufacturing units in India.
  1. 'Ford Motors' wish to develop Ford India as a component supplying base for its other plants across the globe is an evidence of:
  1. Promoting local industries of India.
  2. Merging trade from different countries.
  3. Supplying jobs to factory workers in India.
  4. Interlinking of production across countries.
Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:
Manchester imports into India declined as the British mills were busy with war production to meet the needs of the army paving the way for the Indian mills to supply for the huge home market. As the war prolonged, Indian factories were called upon to supply war needs. As a result, new factories were set up, new workers were employed and everyone was made to work longer hours. On 13th April 1919, a crowd of villagers, who had come to attend a Baisakhi fair, gathered in the enclosed ground of Jallianwala Bagh. Being from outside the city, many were not aware of the martial law that had been imposed as a repressive measure. General Dyer with his British troops entered the park and closed the only exit point without giving any warning to the assembled people and ordered the troops to fire at the crowds, killing hundreds. Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops were picketed and foreign cloth was burnt. The import of foreign cloth halved between 1921-1922. Its value dropped from Rs. 102 crore to Rs. 57 crore. Many merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade. Use of khadi was popularized.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:
  1. Which was the effect of First World War on India as Britain was busy in war in Europe?
  1. Manchester imports into India declined as the British mills were busy with war.
  2. Production to meet the needs of the army paving the way for the Indian mills to supply for the huge home market.
  3. As the war prolonged, Indian factories were called upon to supply war needs.
  4. All of these.
  1. Which of the following were related to the incident of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre?
  1. On 13th April 1919, a crowd of villagers who had come to attend a Baisakhi fair, gathered in the enclosed ground of Jallianwala Bagh.
  2. General Dyer with his British troops entered the park and closed the only exit point without giving any warning.
  3. Both (a) and (b).
  4. None of these.
  1. What were the consequences of non - cooperation movement after 1922?
  1. Foreign goods were not boycotted.
  2. The import of foreign cloth halved between 1921-1922. Its value dropped from Rs. 102 crore to Rs. 57 crore.
  3. Many merchants and traders did not refuse to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade.
  4. Use of khadi was not popularized.
  1. What was the name of British officer who was responsible for the Jallianwala Bagh massacre?
  1. General Dyre.
  2. Lord Cornwallis.
  3. Lord Wellesley.
  4. Lord Dalhousie.
Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
Ernst Renan, ‘What is a Nation?’
In a lecture delivered at the University of Sorbonne in 1882, the French philosopher Ernst Renan (1823-92) outlined his understanding of what makes a nation. The lecture was subsequently published as a famous essay entitled ‘Qu’est-ce qu’une nation?’ (‘What is a Nation?’). In this essay Renan criticises the notion suggested by others that a nation is formed by a common language, race, religion, or territory:
‘A nation is the culmination of a long past of endeavours, sacrifice and devotion. A heroic past, great men, glory, that is the social capital upon which one bases a national idea. To have common glories in the past, to have a common will in the present, to have performed great deeds together, to wish to perform still more, these are the essential conditions of being a people. A nation is therefore a large-scale solidarity ... Its existence is a daily plebiscite ... A province is its inhabitants; if anyone has the right to be consulted, it is the inhabitant. A nation never has any real interest in annexing or holding on to a country against its will. The existence of nations is a good thing, a necessity even. Their existence is a guarantee of liberty, which would be lost if the world had only one law and only one master.’
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate options:
  1. A nation is the culmination of a long past of:
  1. Sacrifice.
  2. Endeavors.
  3. Devotion.
  4. All of these.
  1. What does a nation guarantee to its citizens?
  1. Happiness.
  2. Liberty.
  3. Wealth.
  4. Health.
  1. Ernst Renan was a ......... philosopher.
  1. British.
  2. American.
  3. Japanese.
  4. French.
  1. What is/ are the essential condition/ s of being a people?
  1. To have common glories in the past.
  2. To have performed great deeds together.
  3. To have a common will in the present.
  4. All of these.