Question
What are hydrocarbons? Give examples.
✓
Answer
Hydrocarbons are the organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms as their constituents. These may be alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.
Alkane: $\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{H}-\text{C}-\text{H}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\\\ \ \ \text{Methane}$ $\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{H}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{H}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Ethane}$ $\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{H}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{H}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \text{H}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Propane}$
Alkyl group: $\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{H}-\text{C}-\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\\ \text{Methyl group}$ $\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{H}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\\\ \ \ \text{Ethyl group}$ $\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{H}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \text{H}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Propyl group}$
The structures of compounds belonging to a few families are:
$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{H}-\text{C}-\text{Cl}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}$ $\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{H}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{OH}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}$ $\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{H}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{NH}_2\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \text{H}$
Alkane: $\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{H}-\text{C}-\text{H}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\\\ \ \ \text{Methane}$ $\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{H}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{H}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Ethane}$ $\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{H}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{H}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \text{H}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Propane}$
Alkyl group: $\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{H}-\text{C}-\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\\ \text{Methyl group}$ $\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{H}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\\\ \ \ \text{Ethyl group}$ $\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{H}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \text{H}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Propyl group}$
The structures of compounds belonging to a few families are:
$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{H}-\text{C}-\text{Cl}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}$ $\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{H}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{OH}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}$ $\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{H}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{NH}_2\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \text{H}$
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