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Control and Coordination — Science STD 10 — Question

CBSE BoardEnglish MediumSTD 10ScienceControl and Coordination5 Marks
Question
What constitutes the central and peripheral nervous systems? How are the components of central nervous system protected?
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Answer

The central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord.
  1. Brain is the main centre of coordination of sensory information in the body. It is located in protective brain box or cranium and is covered by membranous meninges. Cerebrospinal fluid is the clear tissue fluid which makes protective cushion around and within CNS. It is present in central canal of spinal cord and in brain ventricles.
  2. Spinal cord is a long cylindrical structure that begins from the medulla oblongata and extends downwards. It is enclosed in a protective bony cage vertebral column and is also surrounded by meninges.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): It lies outside the central nervous system and consists of somatic and autonomic nervous system.

It includes cranial, spinal and visceral nerves.
  1. Cranial nerves: Thses consist of the 12 pairs that emerge from the brain mostly concerned with head, neck and facial region of the body.
  2. Spinal nerves: 31 pairs of spinal nerves arise from the spinal cord and spread throughout the body.
  3. Visceral nerves: These arise from the spinal cord and are connected to the internal organs of the body.

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