Question
What do you understand by the term ‘Hydrosphere’?
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Answer
- Hydrosphere on the earth refers to the water domain in all the states: solid, liquid and gaseous.
- It includes the water present in rivers, lakes, oceans, ice caps and glaciers, etc.
- It extends several kilometres below and above the earth’s surface.
- Ninety-seven per cent of water is present in the ocean, whereas rest three per cent is fresh water which is present in the form of ice caps on the mountain tops, as glaciers in the Polar Regions and lakes in underground reservoirs.
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“A few more examples: A jati, or a subdivision of it, is also often called a community.
A group of people of a particular religion, region, common work, or interest, especially a smaller group, may also be called a community; for instance, ‘Mumbai’s Parsi community’, ‘Chennai’s Sikh community’, ‘America’s Indian community’, ‘Kerala’s scientific community’, ‘our school’s art community’, ‘the village’s farming community’, and so on… The list is endless!”
In your school, you may be part of different communities – your class, of course, but also the sports community, the National Service Scheme, the National Cadet Corps, a science or drama club, etc.
1. What does ‘jati’ refer to in the passage ?
2. Provide two examples of communities mentioned in the passage.
3. How does the passage describe the concept of community ?
4. What are some examples of communities within a school context, as mentioned in the passage ?
5. Why might the concept of ‘community’ be considered flexible according to the passage ?
A group of people of a particular religion, region, common work, or interest, especially a smaller group, may also be called a community; for instance, ‘Mumbai’s Parsi community’, ‘Chennai’s Sikh community’, ‘America’s Indian community’, ‘Kerala’s scientific community’, ‘our school’s art community’, ‘the village’s farming community’, and so on… The list is endless!”
In your school, you may be part of different communities – your class, of course, but also the sports community, the National Service Scheme, the National Cadet Corps, a science or drama club, etc.
1. What does ‘jati’ refer to in the passage ?
2. Provide two examples of communities mentioned in the passage.
3. How does the passage describe the concept of community ?
4. What are some examples of communities within a school context, as mentioned in the passage ?
5. Why might the concept of ‘community’ be considered flexible according to the passage ?
The next item on the agenda for the Gram Sabha is the finalisation of list of people below the poverty line (BPL) which had to be approved by the Gram Sabha. As soon as the list is read out people begin to whisper. “Natwar has just bought a colour T.V. and his son has sent him a new motorcycle. How can he be below the poverty line?” Soorajmal mutters to the person sitting next to him. Saroj says to Sukhi Bai “How did Birju’s name get on to the list? He has so much land. This list should have only poor people. And Om Prakctsh is a landless labourer who can barely make ends meet, yet his name is not on the list.” “You know that both Natwar and Birju are friends of Amirchand. Who can counter Amirchand’s power?’ Sukhi Bai says, “Amirchand was the earlier Zamindar (landowner) of the village and still has control over a lot of land. But we should get Om Prakash’s name put in.”
The Sarpanch (Panchayat President) notices people whispering and asks if anyone has anything to say. Saroj tries to provoke Soorajmal to ask about Natwar arid Birju. But he keeps quiet. Amirchand is sitting in the Gram Sabha keeping an eye on everyone. Then Saroj gets up and says that Om Prakash’s name should be in the BPL list. Others agree that he and his family are very poor.
The Sarpanch asks how his name had been missed out. The teacher who did the survey of BPL families says, “Om Prakash’s house was locked when I went there. He may have gone somewhere to look for work.” The Sarpanch gives instructions that Om Prakash’s family income be looked at and if it is less than what has been decided by the government, his name should be included in the list.
The Sarpanch (Panchayat President) notices people whispering and asks if anyone has anything to say. Saroj tries to provoke Soorajmal to ask about Natwar arid Birju. But he keeps quiet. Amirchand is sitting in the Gram Sabha keeping an eye on everyone. Then Saroj gets up and says that Om Prakash’s name should be in the BPL list. Others agree that he and his family are very poor.
The Sarpanch asks how his name had been missed out. The teacher who did the survey of BPL families says, “Om Prakash’s house was locked when I went there. He may have gone somewhere to look for work.” The Sarpanch gives instructions that Om Prakash’s family income be looked at and if it is less than what has been decided by the government, his name should be included in the list.
- What is being discussed in this meeting of the Gram Sabha?
- Who are Natwar and Birju?
- Who is Om Prakash?
- Who is Amirchand? What did he do in the past?
- Why was Om Prakash’s name missed from the BPL list according to the teacher who surveyed the BPL families?
Describe three types of mountains.