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Human Reproduction — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

Bihar BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceBIOLOGYHuman Reproduction5 Marks
Question
What is foetal ejection reflex? Explain how it leads to parturition?
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Answer

Vigorous contraction of the uterus at the end of the pregnancy causes expulsion/ delivery of the foetus. This process of delivery of the foetus (childbirth) is called parturition.
Parturition is induced by a complex neuroendocrine mechanism. The signals for parturition originate from the fully developed foetus and the placenta which induce mild uterine contractions called foetal ejection reflex. This triggers release of oxytocin from the maternal pituitary. Oxytocin acts on the uterine muscle and causes stronger uterine contractions, which in turn stimulates further secretion of oxytocin.
The stimulatory reflex between the uterine contraction and oxytocin secretion continues resulting in stronger and stronger contractions. This leads to expulsion of the baby out of the uterus through the birth canal-parturition. Soon after the infant is delivered, the placenta is also expelled out of the uterus.

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