Human Reproduction BIOLOGY - Human Reproduction

The accessory glands of the male gonads are-

Which of the following hormone induces uterine contractions?

In humans, ofter one month of gestation, the embryonic organ develops into-

Secretions from which one of the following are rich in fructose, calcium and some enzymes?

Proliferative phase of menstrual cycle, is also called:

The process of expelling the fetus from the womb is called ____________ .

For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.

1. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Seminiferous tubule is related with spermatogenesis.
Reason: Spermatogenesis takes place under the influence of pituitary gonadotrophins and testosterone

For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.

1. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Cilia lining the fallopian tube helps to pick up and push the released ovum into the oviduct.
Reason: Cilia of fallopian tubes beat towards uterus.

For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.

1. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Head of sperm consists of acrosome and mitochondria.
Reason: Acrosome contains spiral row of mitochondria.

For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.

1. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: In morula stage, the cells divide without any increase in size.
Reason: Zona pellucida remains undivided till cleavage is complete.

For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.

1. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: The second meiotic division of the developing ovarian follicles is completed just after conception.
Reason: Conception is the onset of pregnancy when the implantation of blastocyst take place.

Identify True/ False statements. Correct each false statement to make it true.
Spermatozoa get nutrition from Sertoli cells. (True/ False)

Fill in the blanks:
The structure which provides vascular connection between fetus and uterus is called _____________.

Fill in the blanks:
Fertilisation takes place in _____________.

Fill in the blanks:
Humans reproduce _____________. (asexually/ sexually)

Identify True/ False statements. Correct each false statement to make it true.
Leydig cells synthesise androgens. (True/ False)

Draw a labelled diagram of sperm.

What are the major components of seminal plasma?

Define spermiogenesis and spermiation.

Write two major functions each of testis and ovary.

What are the major functions of male accessory ducts and glands?

How many eggs are released by a human ovary in a month? How many eggs do you think would have been released if the mother gave birth to identical twins? Would your answer change if the twins born were fraternal?

Draw a labelled diagram of male reproductive system.

Draw a labelled diagram of a Graafian follicle?

Draw a labelled diagram of female reproductive system.

What is parturition? Which hormones are involved in induction of parturition?

What is spermatogenesis? Briefly describe the process of spermatogenesis.

Name the functions of the following:

1. Corpus luteum.
2. Endometrium.
3. Acrosome.
4. Sperm tail.
5. Fimbriae.

What is menstrual cycle? Which hormones regulate menstrual cycle?

What is oogenesis? Give a brief account of oogenesis.

Answer the following questions:
Draw a diagram of a mature human male gamete. Label the following parts: Acrosome, nucleus, middle piece and tail.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:

The mature ovum or a female gamete is spherical in shape. The human ovum is almost free of yolk and is said to be alecithal. Human ovum loses its ability to be fertilised about 24 hours after ovulation. Refer to the given structure of ovum and answer the following questions.

1. Thick cellular layer formed of radially elongated follicular cells is:

1. Zona pellucida.
2. Plasma membrane.
3. Perivitelline membrane.
4. Corona radiata.

2. In humans, at which stage does ovum get released from ovary?

1. Secondary oocyte.
2. Oogonium.
3. Primary oocyte.
4. First polar body.

3. Cytoplasm of an ovum is enveloped by _____.

1. Zona pellucida.
2. Corona radiata.
3. Cell membrane.
4. Perivitelline space.

4. Select the correct option:

S. No	V	W	X
(a)	Cytoplasm	Zona pellucida	Plasma membrane
(b)	Cortical granules	Corona radiata	Zona pellucida
(c)	Cortical granules	Plasma membrane	Corona radiata
(d)	Cytoplasm	Corona radiata	Zona pellucida

5. Which of the following is not a characteristic of an ovum?

1. Nucleus of an ovum has prominent nucleolus.
2. Only one ovum formed from one oogonium.
3. It lacks centrioles.
4. It has very small amount of ooplasm.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:

Human male reproductive system comprises of a pair of testes, primary sex organs associated with formation of gametes and production of sex hormone. Study the given figure of human male reproductive system and answer the following questions.

1. Which of the following is correct for labelled part P?

1. P is rete testis which transports sperms to outside.
2. P is epididymis which secretes fluid that nourish the sperms.
3. P is epididymis that carry sperms and secretion of seminal vesicles.
4. P is rete testis, which lies along inner side of each testis and stores the sperms.

2. Identify the correctly matched pair.

1. Q - Vasa efferentia.
2. R - Ejaculatory duct.
3. S - Seminal vesicle.
4. T - Cowper's gland.

3. Which statement is incorrect for Q?

1. It carries spermatozoa from epididymis to ejaculatory duct.
2. Q are only 2 in number.
3. It arises from rete testis.
4. It constitutes male sex accessory duct.

4. Which structure passes through the prostate gland and carries sperms and secretion of seminal vesicle?

1. P.
2. T.
3. S.
4. R.

5. Assertion: Mucus present in secretion of bulbourethral gland decreases the number of sperms damaged during ejaculation.

Reason: Mucus lubricates the end of penis and lining of the urethra.

1. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:

Oogenesis is the process of formation of ovum in ovaries. It consists of three phases : multiplication, growth and maturation. Oogenesis is controlled by hormones GnRH, LH, FSH. GnRH secreted by the hypothalamus stimulates the anterior lobe of pituitary gland to secrete LH and FSH.

1. What is the function of hormone FSH?

1. It inhibits the formation of estrogen.
2. It induces the release of secondary oocyte.
3. It stimulates the growth of Graafian follicles.
4. It causes ovulation.

2. Which hormone induces the rupture of the mature Graafian follicle?

1. Follicle stimulating hormone.
2. Gonadotropin releasing hormone.
3. Progesterone.
4. Luteinising hormone.

3. Which cell division is involved in the formation of secondary oocyte?

1. Mitosis.
2. Meiosis I.
3. Amitosis.
4. Meiosis II.

4. Identify the function(s) of LH.

1. Release of secondary oocyte from Graafian follicle.
2. Stimulates corpus luteum to secrete progesterone.
3. Stimulates estrogen formation.
4. Promotes development of egg to form secondary oocyte.

1. (A) and (B) only.
2. (B) and (C) only.
3. (A), (C) and (D) only.
4. (B) only.

5. Assertion: The increase in progesterone level exerts positive feedback on GnRH.

Reason: The rising level of progesterone stimulate production of FSH and LH.

1. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:

A functional mammary gland is characteristic of all female mammals. Mammary glands are paired structures that contain glandular tissue and variable amount of fat. Refer to the given figure of a mammary gland and answer the following questions.

1. Mammary glands are modified:

1. Sweat glands.
2. Sebaceous glands.
3. Sudoriferous glands.
4. Lacrimal glands.

2. Identify the incorrectly matched pair.

1. P - Areola.
2. Q - Lactiferous duct.
3. S - Mammary duct.
4. T - Mammary alveoli.

3. Mammary ducts expand to form:

1. Mammary alveoli.
2. Mammary ampullae.
3. Lactiferous ducts.
4. Mammary tubules.

4. What is areola?

1. Grape-like clusters of milk secreting structures.
2. Fatty tissue between the mammary lobes.
3. Circular pigmented area of skin around nipple.
4. Connective tissue that supports the alveoli and ducts.

5. Assertion: The size of breast depends on the amount of adipose tissue.

Reason: The adipose tissue supports the alveoli and the ducts.

1. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
In testis, the immature male germ cells produce sperms by spermatogenesis that begins at puberty. It occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. Seminiferous tubules are lined by germinal epithelium. Study the schematic representation of spermatogenesis and answer the following questions.

1. Which cell division occurs during multiplication phase?

1. Mitosis.
2. Meiosis I.
3. Meiosis II.
4. Both (b) and (c).

2. How many chromosomes are present in secondary spermatocyte and spermatid, respectively?

1. 46, 23
2. 46, 46
3. 23, 23
4. 23, XY

3. Transformation of L into M is known as:

1. Spermiation.
2. Spermateliosis.
3. Spermatogenesis.
4. None of these.

4. Select the correct option.

1. Type A spermatogonia grows to larger primary spermatocyte.
2. One spermatogonium forms two spermatids.
3. Spenniation is the release of sperms from seminiferous tubules.
4. Primary spermatocyte undergoes mitosis to form secondary spermatocytes.

5. Which hormone acts on spermatogonia to stimulate sperm production?

1. LH.
2. GnRH.
3. ABP.
4. FSH.