Question
What is simple buffer? Give an example and also explain its mechanism.

Answer

SELF

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Explain the Liebig's combustion process for analysis of carbon and hydrogen.
Draw a diagram of bubble plate type fractionating column. When do we require such type of a column for separating two liquids. Explain the principle involved in the separation of components of a mixture of liquids by using fractionating column. What industrial applications does this process have?
How much energy is required to ionise a H atom if the electron occupies n = 5 orbit? Compare your answer with the ionization enthalpy of H atom (energy required to remove the electron from n = 1 orbit).
  1. Use the following reactions to arrange the elements A, B, C and D in order of their redox reactivity:
  1. A + B+ → At + B
  2. B + D+ → B+ +D
  3. C+ + D → No reaction
  4. B+C+ → B+ + C
  1. On the basis of above redox activity series, predict which of the following reactions would you expect to occur?
  1. A+ + C → A+ C+
  2. A+ + D → A+ D+
1. Suggest a method to purify
i. a liquid which decomposes at its boiling point.
ii. kerosene oil containing water.
iii. camphor containing traces of common salt.
2. Giving justification, categorise the following molecules/ions as nucleophile or electrophile:
$
\begin{aligned}
& HS^{-}, BF_3, C_2 H_5 O^{-},\left(CH_3\right)_3 N:, \\
& C \stackrel{+}{l}, C H_3-\stackrel{+}{C}=O, H_2 N \stackrel{+}{:}, \stackrel{+}{N} O_2
\end{aligned}
$
How do atomic radius vary in a period and in a group? How do you explain the variation?
A mixture of 1.57 mol of N2, 1.92 mol of H2 and 8.13 mol of NH3 is introduced into a 20L reaction vessel at 500K. At this temperature, the equilibrium constant, Kc for the reaction $\text{N}_2\text{ (g) + }3\text{H}_2\text{ (g)}\rightleftharpoons2\text{NH}_3\text{ (g) is }1.7\times10^2.$ Is the reaction mixture at equilibrium? If not, what is the direction of the net reaction?
Represent the potential energy/enthalpy change in the following processes graphically.
  1.  Throwing a stone from the ground to roof.
  2.  $\frac{1}{2}\text{H}_2(\text{g})+\frac{1}{2}\text{Cl}_2(\text{g})\rightleftharpoons\text{HCl}(\text{g})$ $\Delta_\text{r}\text{H}^\ominus=-92.32\text{kJ}\ \text{mol}^{-1}$​​​​​​
In which of the processes potential energy/enthalpy change is contributing factor to the spontaneity?
Match the correct ionisation enthalpies and electron gain enthalpies of the following elements:
 
Elements
 
$\Delta\text{H}_1$
$\Delta\text{H}_2$
$\Delta_{\text{eg}}\text{H}$
i.
Most reactive non metal
A.
419
3051
-48
ii.
Most reactive metal
B.
1681
3374
-328
iii.
Least reactive element
C.
738
1451
-40
iv.
Metal forming binary halide
D.
2372
5251
+8