Establishment of European and British Rule in India — Social Science STD 8 — Question
Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 8Social ScienceEstablishment of European and British Rule in India5 Marks
Question
Write short notes on : Anglo-Maratha war
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Answer
The Marathas were third Battle of Panipat in the year $1761 \ AD$ defeated in the fought against Ahmedshah Abdali of Iran. So the Maratha empire got divided among the Sindhias, the Holkars, the Gaekwads and the Bhonsles. These dynasties were under the control of Peshwa (the supreme minister), The headquarters of the Peshwa was Pune. There were several wars fought between the Maratha and the British. The Treaty of Salbai ($1782 \ AD$) was signed after the first war fought between the Marathas and the British (from $1775 \ AD$ to $1782 \ AD$). Both the powers returned each other's territories; thus no one was defeated. The second Maratha war was fought from $1803$ to $1805 \ AD$. The Marathas tasted defeat at the hands of Lord Wellesley. Due to this war, the territories of Orissa (Odisha), as well as Agra and Delhi located on the northern side of the Yamuna came under British rule. The Marathas were crushed in the third Anglo-Maratha war, fought between $1817$ and $1819 \ AD$. The British removed the Peshwa from Pune and sent him to Bithur near Kanpur with a pension. Now the power of the British Company was established from Vindhyachal to all parts of South India. In this way. British rule was completely established over the entire nation (India) by $1818 \ AD$.
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