[4 Mark Question Answer]

Question 14 Marks

Picture study:

In these pictures $(i)$ and $(ii)$ identify the two types of human resources in terms of skills.
Mention the characteristics of each type.

Answer

$1.$ A worker at a construction site unskilled person.
An $IT$ Professional skilled person.
$2.$ Unskilled human resources include people with little formal education and very limited skills. Workers at construction sites, sanitation workers, domestic help, etc. are examples of unskilled human resources. Their jobs do not require any specialized skill and these people can easily be replaced. They generally earn a low wage.
A skilled person is someone who has specialized training to perform their work. These people have different levels of formal education. Scientists, lawyers, etc. are examples of skilled human resources. These people perform tasks that require knowledge and skill, and they cannot be easily replaced. They generally earn a high income.

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Question 24 Marks

What is the impact of skilled human resource on the socio$-$economic development of India?

Answer

Education is essential for the socio-economic development of a country and plays a key role in the development of skilled human resources. The Indian government has invested heavily in human resource development because it promotes economic growth in the country. Education and skill training is necessary for achieving growth targets. In India, skill training needs attention except for limited professions like engineers, doctors, and computer professionals. The government has started the ‘Skill India Mission’ for the youth in order to meet the demands of skilled workers and for the economic growth of the nation. Through this mission the unemployed, school dropouts, women, ordinary graduates, etc. are given training based on their knowledge and ability which will prepare them for jobs. Training is also to be given to carpenters, masons, blacksmiths, cobblers, welders, tailors, weavers, etc.

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Question 34 Marks

What are the differences between skilled and unskilled human resources?

Answer

Skilled human resources :

These people have specialised training to perform their work.
These people have different levels of formal education.
These people do jobs that require knowledge and skill and they cannot be easily replaced.
They generally earn high incomes.
Examples $–$ doctors, engineers, scientists, lawyers, teachers, etc.

Unskilled human resources :

These people have very limited skills.
The people have very little formal education.
Their jobs do not require any specialized skills and they can be easily replaced.
They generally earn low wages.
Examples: workers at construction sites, domestic help, sanitation workers, etc.

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Question 44 Marks

Write a note on the sex ratio in India.

Answer

The sex ratio is defined as the number of females per thousand males. In India, on an average, there are more males than females$- 940$ females for every $1000$ males. In some states, the sex ratio is low like only $877$ females to every $1000$ males in Haryana and 893 females to every $1000$ males in Punjab. There are a number of reasons. Greater mortality rates of female babies and the girl child being killed at birth are two important reasons for poor sex ratio in these states.
Kerala and Puducherry have the highest sex ratio with $1084$ females to $1000$ males in Kerala and $1038$ females to every $1000$ males in Puducherry. A high literacy rate is a reason for this. The fewer number of females per $1000$ males in India is a major concern. Which can raise many social issues?

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Question 54 Marks

Give an account of the distribution of the population in India.

Answer

India is the second$-$most populous country in the world after China. We have just $2.4$ percent of the land area of the world but have about $16.9$ percent of the world’s population. The last census conducted in $2011$ recorded the Indian population at $1, 210, 193, 422$. Out of these about $69\%$ live in rural areas and $31\%$ in urban areas. Northern plains have the highest concentration of population which includes states like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal. The coastal plains are also thickly populated. The population is thin in the north$-$eastern states and in the desert region of the west. The Deccan plateau has a moderate population concentration. In India, the sex ratio is $940$, which means on average, we have $940$ females to every $1000$ males.

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Question 64 Marks

What do you know about the rural$-$urban population composition in India?

Answer

The population of India may be classified into rural and urban populations depending on where the people live.
Rural population $—$ They live in villages. They generally earn their livelihood from agriculture, livestock rearing, and other primary activities. In India, more people live in rural areas $($about $69$ percent$)$. In recent years, a large number of people have migrated from rural to urban areas in search of jobs, good education, and better living conditions.
Urban population $—$ They live in cities and towns. They earn their livelihood from jobs in offices, factories, trade, transport, and services. In India, about $31$ percent of people live in urban areas. Migration from rural to urban areas has had an impact on the population of urban areas.

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Question 74 Marks

Discuss the role of health and education in developing human resources.

Answer

Health and education play a very important role in the development of human resources. Health people can work well and do things quickly. They are able to utilize other resources in a better way. Unhealthy people are unable to perform well and spend money on their treatment which could otherwise be used to acquire other valuable resources or enhance their skills.
Education also plays an important role in the development of human resources. When a person receives a good education, it improves his or her level of understanding increases their capacity and mental efficiency to produce more and changes the attitude and behaviour of people as they gain more confidence in themselves. A country with a high proportion of well-educated people can achieve rapid economic growth.

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Question 84 Marks

Explain briefly the impact of skilled human resource on the socio$-$economic development of the country.

Answer

Human resources play an important role in the overall development of a country.
Human resources are required for the proper utilization of a country’s natural resources like mineral, water, forest, etc. because the optimal utilization of these resources is necessary for the economic development of the country.
Skilled and knowledgeable human resources make rational use of all resources at their disposal and increase the volume of output and income for a country. They are well versed in using modem technology and thus help to bring development in a country. They help to increase production by producing a variety of goods and services of high quality.
The development of human resources works as a tool for economic change. It can make people knowledgeable, skilled, and physically healthy. This can lead to a change in the attitudes of the people, develop their thought processes, and improve the quality of their life. Such changes encourage the spirit of entrepreneurship and motivate people to work hard, take risks, do research, and explore their innovative capacity.

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