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Geography [3 Mark Question Answer]

Interpreting Topographical Maps · ICSE STD 8 (ICSE - English Medium). 8 questions.

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[3 Mark Question Answer]

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8 questions · timed · auto-graded

Question 13 Marks
Explain temporary settlements.
Answer
Settlements that are constructed and occupied for a short time are called temporary settlements. They are built by people engaged in hunting and gathering, shifting cultivation and transhumance. Tents and huts are the most common forms of shelter in temporary settlements. In urban area, it is built next to a construction site such as a bridge or a flyover. A temporary settlement can become permanent with time.
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Question 23 Marks
How are topo sheets prepared for India?
Answer
Topo sheets are prepared three mainly in groups in India.
  1. The million sheet, where the scale of the sheet is $1:1,000,000$ or $1 \ cm : 10 \ km$ ; there are total of $36$ of these sheets covering the entire country.
  2. The quarter inch sheet has a scale of $1: 250,000$ or $1 \ cm : 2.5 \ km,$ each of these sheets is numbered separately from $A$ to $P$.
  3. The one inch sheet has a scale of $1 : 50,000$ or $2 \ cm : 1 \ km$.
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Question 33 Marks
List some basic characteristics of contour lines.
Answer
  1. Contour lines are drawn at fixed intervals, for example $20\  m$. This is called Vertical Interval $(V.I)$.
  2. Contour lines do not intersect each other. They could meet and touch but not cross one another.
  3. On a topographical map, every fifth line is accentuated or drawn thick. This is known as contour index.
  4. The spacing between the contour lines determines the nature of the slope. Close contour lines indicate steep slope and far apart indicate gentle slope of land. Contour lines drawn at equal intervals indicate that the slope is neither steep nor gentle but is a uniform slope.
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Question 43 Marks
What do you mean by eastings and northings in a topographical map?
Answer
In a grid system of a topo sheet, the lines that run vertically across a topographical map are called eastings. They are measured eastwards from the origin of the grid.
In a grid system of a topo sheet, the lines that run horizontally across a topographical map are called northings. They are measured eastwards from the origin of the grid in northerly direction.
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Question 53 Marks
Where are $V-$shaped valleys and $U-$shaped valleys formed?
Answer
$V-$shaped valleys : $V-$shaped valleys are found in the upper course of a river where the slopes on either side of the river are steep.
$U-$shaped valleys : $U-$shaped valleys are found in regions where the action of ice $($or glaciers$)$ has widened the valleys so that the valleys take the shape of a $“U”$ These are also found in the lower regions of a river where the erosion of valley walls by the river widens the valley to make them look $U-$shaped. 
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Question 63 Marks
How is waterfall formed?
Answer
A waterfall is formed when there is a sudden drop in the river valley. It is like a cliff where the drop is almost perpendicular. Waterfalls are formed in the upper regions of river valleys. When contours on a map are very close to one another or sometimes touch each other as they cross a river or stream, it indicates the presence of a waterfall.
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Question 73 Marks
Where would you normally find a linear settlement?
Answer
  1. If such a settlement is near a railway track, and over a period of time, a need for a railway station is felt, then it becomes a railway stop.
  2. hen located on main roads, such settlements become important stops for travellers as dhabas, tyre and car repairing shops and petrol pumps open up.
  3. On rivers and coasts, they become places where boats can unload goods and passengers.
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Question 83 Marks
Distinguish Vertical Interval and Horizontal Equivalent.
Answer
The difference in height between two adjacent contour lines is known as the Vertical Interval $(V.I.)$. Whereas the distance between any two adjacent contour lines is called the Horizontal Equivalent $(H.E)$. The Horizontal Equivalent is calculated with the help of the scale of the map. The value of the $H.E.$ is less when the slope is steep and more when the slope is gentle.
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[3 Mark Question Answer] - Geography STD 8 Questions - Vidyadip