A $500\, W$ heating unit is designed to operate from a $115\, volt$ line. If the line voltage drops to $110\, volt$, the percentage drop in heat output will be ............... $\%$
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${P_{consumed}} = {\left( {\frac{{{V_A}}}{{{V_R}}}} \right)^2} \times {P_R} = {\left( {\frac{{110}}{{115}}} \right)^2} \times 500 = 457.46\,\,W$
So, percentage drop in power output
$ = \frac{{(500 - 457.46)}}{{500}} \times 100 = 8.6\,\% $
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