India and the World — Political Science STD 12 Arts — Question

• Despite the prevailing concept of global village, each country strives to achieve its own integrity, sovereignty, security, defense and development and that is why each country formulates its own foreign policy.
• Foreign policy:

• Every nation in the world implements a certain type of policy and action plan, called foreign policy, for the purpose of achieving its national interest and goal and to determine and maintain diplomatic relations with the nation.

• Factors shaping India's foreign policy:

• Many factors influence the shape of a country's foreign policy.
• Factors influencing this vary with changes in the national and international situation.
• Foreign policy changes over time and circumstances.
• The USSR emerged as a superpower after World War II. And U.S. a. Were.
• At this time, India's foreign policy was in line with the USSR. Was pro.
• But in the 80's when the Cold War situation was resolved and the USSR disintegrated.
• As a result, India pursued a foreign policy that strengthened bilateral relations with the United States to fulfill its ambitions.
• At present, India's foreign policy is designed to be compatible with nations like Russia, China, Japan and Israel.
• In addition, a change in the internal power of countries or a change in leadership also leads to a change in policy matters.

• The factors that shape India's foreign policy are as follows:

1. Geographical factors
A. Geographical location of India.
B. area.
C. population.
D. Natural Resources and Climate.
2. Science and technology
3. Economic development
4. Historical and cultural perspectives.
1. Geographical factors:
A. Geographical location of India:

• India's geographical location is important in South Asia.
• India, which has a vast sub continental dimension, is bordered and protected by natural boundaries from the Himalayas in the north, the Bay of Bengal in the south, the Arabian Sea in the west and the Indian Ocean in the south.
• India's unique geographical location has proved to be a blessing, sometimes even a curse.
• Due to its mountainous and maritime borders as well as its relatively good geographical fertility compared to other countries in Asia, it has been the victim of many invasions as well as British imperialism.
• India has also suffered the consequences as it has not shown the required awareness in the field of maritime border security in the Himalayas in the north and in the south.

B. Area:

• In terms of land surface, India is a country with many variations such as high mountainous regions, highlands, plains, dense forests, deserts.
• India ranks seventh in the world in terms of area.
• India covers an area of ​​3287263 sq. Km. Is.
• Its north-south length is 3,214 km. And the east-west length is 2,933 km. Is.
• The vast fertile plains of the north, scattered between the Himalayas and the peninsular highlands, add to India's prosperity.
• India covers an area of ​​about 7,516 km. Maritime border and 15,200 km. The land has a boundary.
• As maritime neighbors are very important for India's economic and security, we are working hard to improve relations with them.

C. Population:

• India ranks second in the world in terms of population after China.
• As per Census-2011, the total population of India is 1,21,01,93,422.
• There are 62, 37, 24,248 males and 58, 64, 69,174 females.
• One-sixth of the population is Indian.
• India has become the youngest country in the world.
• Because 65% of India's population is under 35 years of age.
• India provides a large market as it is huge in terms of population.
• The developed countries of the world are also keen to maintain and maintain relations with India for the same reason.
• India's large population is considered an additional problem.
• However, as the proportion of population is more than natural resources, as a manpower it can contribute to the development of not only India but the world.

D. Natural Resources and Climate:

• Natural resources are the basis of national strength.
• The availability of abundant natural resources contributes to the industrial and economic development of the country.
• If sufficient natural resources are not available, industries have to depend on other countries for raw materials for development.
• India has abundant natural resources.
• India is a rich nation in terms of mineral wealth.
• Our country is a world leader in the production and export of iron, coal, mica etc.
• India is rich in alluvial plains, dense forests, mineral resources, rivers and seawater resources.
• Efforts are also being made to increase prosperity by developing the maritime economy by highlighting the potential of India's vast oceans to the south.
• India has a fairly favorable climate compared to the surrounding Asian nations.
• India has a tropical climate.
• The fertile soil and favorable climate in India have made India's view more defensive than aggressive.

2. Science and Technology:

• From ancient times to the modern age, the tradition of acquiring knowledge and using it has continued in human beings.
• Modern knowledge and technology play an important role in dominating world society and influencing international politics.
• E.g. America and Japan.
• Since independence, India has made great strides in the field of nuclear energy, space science and technology due to scientists like Dr. Homi Bhabha.
• The late Prime Minister of India. Indira and Shri Atalji introduced India's nuclear power to the world by conducting nuclear test.
• Successfully launching more than 100 satellites into space simultaneously, the creation of party characters like Agni, Trishul with indigenous technology is the strength of India's science and technology.
• Today, globally, India is important in nuclear energy, space science, biotechnology, information and convection technology.
• Has a place.

3. Economic Development:

• The country's economic affairs play an influential and key role in international trade.
• At what stage does the country develop economically?
• That's important.
• India has achieved self-reliance in terms of others and milk through the Green Revolution and the White Revolution since independence.
• At present, India is a leading producer of vegetables and fruits.
• Despite being an agricultural country, India has made significant progress in the industrial sector.

4. Historical and cultural perspectives:

• The country's historical traditions and cultural values ​​play an important role in shaping foreign policy.
• Embodying the Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam ideology, India reflects Indian civilization and Indian culture in its foreign policy.
• India, which insisted on celebrating International Yoga Day on June 21, has received unprecedented support globally.